Icing

Question 1

Hazards

Answer 1

More drag
MOre weight
Radio comm problems
Fuel tank vent icing
Distortion of shape less lift
Less thrust
Blockages
Flight controls

Question 2

Super cool water droplets

Answer 2

Liquid at temps less than 0°
Freeze onto solid surface
Release latent heat

Question 3

Airframe icing types

Answer 3

Engine (carb and intake)
Clear ice
0°- -20°
Cloud droplets freeze onto solid airframe
Latent heat delays freezing allowing water to flow back across wing
Follows shape of wings
Cu type clouds 6-8000’ above freezing level

Rime ice
Opaque and rough
Below -15°
Only on leading edges (no delay in freezing)
Irregular shape has more effect than clear ice
Found in st

Mixed
Both clear and rime
-12- -22°
Treated as clear ice

Freezing rain
Usually continental climates rain falling from warm to cold (warm front)
Large ice buildup on contact
Rare in nz

Hoar frost
Cold surface causes air above to cool and form frost
Descent into warm moist air with extremely cold aircraft skin

Question 4

Factors affecting rate of accretion

Answer 4

Moisture
Ac characteristics
Ac speed

Question 5

To avoid icing conditions

Answer 5

Below fzl
Temp colder than -40°
Don’t fly into tcu cb ns or updrafting portion of lenticular