Local Hot and Cold Application and Heat Loss Flashcards

1
Q

For hot applications the result is ___________.

A

vasodilation

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1
Q

For cold application the reult is ___________ .

A

vasoconstriction

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2
Q

Law of Action and Reaction: True or False.

The action (or primary effect) is the vascular response of the local tissues and lasts the duration of the application. This secondary response takes place in order to “normalize” blood flow, back through the local area and regain homeostatic function.

A

True

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3
Q

Law of Action and Reaction: True or False.

Action: would be 15-60 sec. vasoconstriction

Reaction: would be vasodilation – usually lasting several minutes Net vascular response (sum of action and reaction): would be vasodilation

A

True

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4
Q

A local application of hydrotherapy may effect circulation in six distinctive manners: Includes:

A

Direct effect

Derivative

Retrostasis

Collateral Circulation

Arterial

Trunk Reflex

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5
Q

_________ : an application to the spinal level supplying the structure, or skin reflex related to the structure, will have the same vascular response at that structure as the site of application (nerve root level).

A

Reflex

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6
Q

___________ : whatever influence is placed on the artery is conveyed to the smaller blood vessels fed by it.

A

Arterial Trunk

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7
Q

__________ - is the drawing of blood and lymph from one area of the body to another. It results from vasodilation due to the Action of Heat or Reaction to Cold .

A

Derivative

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8
Q

___________ - is the repelling of blood and lymph from one area of the body to another. The mechanism is vasoconstriction resulting from the Action of cold or the Reaction of hot, whereby blood is diverted from the surface to the interior of the body.

A

Retrostasis

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9
Q

_____________- utilizes the same mechanisms as Derivative and Retrostasis but in a very localized area. Direct modifications of blood flow through superficial blood vessels inversely affect deeper blood vessels in the local capillary bed.

A

Collateral Circulation

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10
Q

___________ - is the vascular response at the immediate site of the application. It includes the Action and Reaction but most importantly, the net vascular response.

A

Direct effect

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11
Q

What are the 4 processes of Body eliminating heat?

A

Evaporation

Radiation

Convection

Conduction

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12
Q

It is the most important of four processes of heat loss in high environmental temperature.

A

Evaporation

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13
Q

Heat transferred from surface of one object to another, without contact between the two. This is known as:

A

Radiation

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14
Q

Transfer of heat to, or from the body as air or fluid passes over it. This process is known as:

A

Convection

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15
Q

Heat transferred from surface of one object, to the surface of another object, with direct contact. This process is known as:

A

Conduction

16
Q

What is the percentage of heat loss through the skin?

A

80 – 90%

17
Q

What is the percentage of heat loss is through breathing?

A

10 - 20%

18
Q

What are the Vascular responses when cold application is used it results in vasoconstriction, if hot application is used it will result in vasodilation?

A

Direct Primary Effect

Arterial Trunk Reflex

19
Q

What are the Vascular responses when cold application is used it increases, if hot application is used it decreases?

A

Metabolic Activity

Nerve Impulse Velocity

Collagen Tissue Distensibility

Histamine Release

Capillary Permeability

Leukocyte Migration

20
Q

What are the Vascular responses when cold application is used it decreases, if hot application is used it increases?

A

Muscle Tone

Synovial Fluid Viscosity

21
Q

What is the Vascular responses when hot application and cold application is used it decreases?

A

Deep Tendon Reflexes

22
Q

The following are statements on how the body achieves homeostasis after COLD hydrotherapy application. Except:

  1. Cold water applied to the body changes the body’s equilibrium.
  2. The body temperature increases.
  3. Sensory receptors on the skin (peripheral nervous system) receive the message of the change of temperature and notify the brain.
A

Except: 2

The body temperature decrease

23
Q

True or False:

How the body achieves homeostasis after COLD hydrotherapy application?

The brain (Central Nervous System) sends a message to the skeletal/muscular system, to shiver.The body shivers and teeth chatter. The muscle movements cause the body temperature to increase, thereby returning the body to a normal level. Blood pressure will usually increase.

A

True

24
Q

The following are statements on how the body achieves homeostasis after HOT hydrotherapy application. Except:

  1. Hot water applied to the body changes the body’s equilibrium.
  2. The body temperature decreases.
  3. Sensory receptors on the skin receive the message of the change of temperature and notify the brain.
  4. The brain sends a message to the circulatory system, to create vasodilatation to stimulate the sweat glands that create sweat, thereby cooling the body temperature, returning it to normal.
A

Except: 2

25
Q

True or False:

Blood Pressure and changes in blood flow.

Blood pressure increases during vasodilation because the amount of space for blood flow within the vessel has decreased.

A

False

26
Q

True or False:

Blood Pressure and changes in blood flow.

Blood pressure increases during vasoconstriction, due to a reduction of space within the vessel, for blood to flow. The heart must work harder to squeeze the same amount of blood through a smaller space

A

True