Local Ecosystem Flashcards
Aquatic environments
Water environments
Ocean lakes swamps rivers
Terrestrial environments
Land environments
Deserts forests grasslands
Viscosity
- aquatic environment
- terrestrial environment
- more difficult for organisms to move through water
- easier for organisms to move through air
Temperature
- aquatic environment
- terrestrial environment
- water heats up more quickly then air
- vary far more than in air
Pressure
- aquatic environment
- terrestrial environment
- increases rapidly with depth
- decreases with height above sea level and fluctuates over time
Oxygen
- aquatic environment
- terrestrial environment
- deceases with depth/ altitude
- air contains about 20% oxygen
Water
- aquatic environment
- terrestrial environment
- osmotic effects of fresh and salt water are important to organisms
- water availability varies. Amount of and when rainfall falls affects plants
Distribution
Where
Abundance
How many
Abiotic factors that determine distribution and abundance
Amount of light Temperature Availability of water Amount of and strength of wind/ rainfall Altitude/ depth
Biotic factors that determine distribution and abundance
Availability of food
Competitors
Predators
Mates available
Photosynthesis + equation
Process by which plants use sunlight to make their own food and converts light every into chemical energy(glucose)
Carbon dioxide+water( chlorophyll, sunlight) glucose+oxygen
Respiration+ equation.
Process which provides energy to all cells through the intake of oxygen
Oxygen + glucose> carbon dioxide +water+ energy
Respiration 2 stages
- Occurs in cytoplasm
Involves splitting the 6x carbon glucose into 2x3 carbon molecules
Releases 2 molecules of ATP(energy) - Occurs in mitochondria
Oxygen is used
Pyruvate completely broken down to CO2 & H2O
Slowly releases 36 molecules of ATP
Populations in an ecosystem may decline because:
Disease
Predication
Competition
Human activities
No. Of species in a population are affected by:
Size of ecosystem No of predators Time of year Reproductive cycles Competition between predators for prey Diseases Seasonal migrations
Allelopathy
Production by a plant of specific chemicals
Parasitism
Parasite obtains food from host and host usually is affected
Mutualism
Two organisms benefit
Commensalism
Benefits one species but other is not harmed
Decomposes role
To absorb nutrients from dead organisms or waste materials and return organic matter to the soil
Bactria, fungi
Adaption of an organism+ examples
Makes it well suited to its environment and lifestyle
Mangrove- control of water balance as some mangroves have salt glands on their leaves which secrete salt
Environmental factor- salinity
Consequences when species compete for resources
Chance of survival
Restricts abundance of all competitors
One will be more successful
Reduce the no of competitors
Human impact in ecosystem
Rapid alterations Widespread change Destructive of original environment Destructive of inhabitants - land clearing
Abiotic characteristics
Non- living
Rain, soil
Abundance estimate
Number of weeds in sample area/area of sample X total area
Population density
Abundance in sample area / area of sample
Population abundance
Number captured in original sampleX total no. Captured 2nd sample (all/) number tagged in 2nd sample