Local Ecosystem

Question 1

Aquatic environments

Answer 1

Water environments

Ocean lakes swamps rivers

Question 2

Terrestrial environments

Answer 2

Land environments

Deserts forests grasslands

Question 3

Viscosity

• aquatic environment
• terrestrial environment

Answer 3

• more difficult for organisms to move through water

- easier for organisms to move through air

Question 4

Temperature

• aquatic environment
• terrestrial environment

Answer 4

• water heats up more quickly then air

- vary far more than in air

Question 5

Pressure

• aquatic environment
• terrestrial environment

Answer 5

• increases rapidly with depth

- decreases with height above sea level and fluctuates over time

Question 6

Oxygen

• aquatic environment
• terrestrial environment

Answer 6

• deceases with depth/ altitude

- air contains about 20% oxygen

Question 7

Water

• aquatic environment
• terrestrial environment

Answer 7

• osmotic effects of fresh and salt water are important to organisms
• water availability varies. Amount of and when rainfall falls affects plants

Question 8

Distribution

Answer 8

Where

Question 9

Abundance

Answer 9

How many

Question 10

Abiotic factors that determine distribution and abundance

Answer 10

Amount of light 
Temperature
Availability of water
Amount of and strength of wind/ rainfall 
Altitude/ depth

Question 11

Biotic factors that determine distribution and abundance

Answer 11

Availability of food
Competitors
Predators
Mates available

Question 12

Photosynthesis + equation

Answer 12

Process by which plants use sunlight to make their own food and converts light every into chemical energy(glucose)
Carbon dioxide+water( chlorophyll, sunlight) glucose+oxygen

Question 13

Respiration+ equation.

Answer 13

Process which provides energy to all cells through the intake of oxygen
Oxygen + glucose> carbon dioxide +water+ energy

Question 14

Respiration 2 stages

Answer 14

1. Occurs in cytoplasm
   Involves splitting the 6x carbon glucose into 2x3 carbon molecules
   Releases 2 molecules of ATP(energy)
2. Occurs in mitochondria
   Oxygen is used
   Pyruvate completely broken down to CO2 & H2O
   Slowly releases 36 molecules of ATP

Question 15

Populations in an ecosystem may decline because:

Answer 15

Disease
Predication
Competition
Human activities

Question 16

No. Of species in a population are affected by:

Answer 16

Size of ecosystem 
No of predators
Time of year
Reproductive cycles 
Competition between predators for prey
Diseases 
Seasonal migrations

Question 17

Allelopathy

Answer 17

Production by a plant of specific chemicals

Question 18

Parasitism

Answer 18

Parasite obtains food from host and host usually is affected

Question 19

Mutualism

Answer 19

Two organisms benefit

Question 20

Commensalism

Answer 20

Benefits one species but other is not harmed

Question 21

Decomposes role

Answer 21

To absorb nutrients from dead organisms or waste materials and return organic matter to the soil
Bactria, fungi

Question 22

Adaption of an organism+ examples

Answer 22

Makes it well suited to its environment and lifestyle

Mangrove- control of water balance as some mangroves have salt glands on their leaves which secrete salt
Environmental factor- salinity

Question 23

Consequences when species compete for resources

Answer 23

Chance of survival
Restricts abundance of all competitors
One will be more successful
Reduce the no of competitors

Question 24

Human impact in ecosystem

Answer 24

Rapid alterations 
Widespread change
Destructive of original environment 
Destructive of inhabitants 
- land clearing

Question 25

Abiotic characteristics

Answer 25

Non- living

Rain, soil

Question 26

Abundance estimate

Answer 26

Number of weeds in sample area/area of sample X total area

Question 27

Population density

Answer 27

Abundance in sample area / area of sample

Question 28

Population abundance

Answer 28

Number captured in original sampleX total no. Captured 2nd sample (all/) number tagged in 2nd sample