Local Development

Question 1

Smart cities (?;?)

Answer 1

Hollands 2008
Overall focus on IT infrastructure but it can mean a lot more than that
Creates social division and exclusion of poorer, less skilled, IT illiterate
Need more focus on human capital
Need balance of IT use by business, governments, communities, and ordinary people

Question 2

Urban mobility and urban form in Milan (?;?)

Answer 2

Camagni, Gibelli and Rigamonti 2002
The least environmentally acceptable situations in terms of mobility = urban sprawl and ‘large-scale projects’
urban sprawl = lowest share of public transport, lowest efficiency and competitiveness
large projects = lowest share of trips made on foot

Question 3

Dilemma of area-based urban renewal programmes (?;?)

Answer 3

Tosics 2009
70s “hard” urban renewal = extensive physical interventions
80s “Soft” = efforts to keep population in place
90s “integrated” = combines physical, economic and social interventions
CANNOT be just area-based - some problems e.g. employment, education, healthcare need interventions beyond the area on a broader territorial scale

Question 4

Kinetic cities (?,?)

Answer 4

Mehrotra 2013
some SE Asian cities
flexible adaptation
reinvent themselves to support resident’s livelihoods
dwellings temporary and often built with recycled materials