LO2 Flashcards
ischemia
loss of blood supply
hypoxia
oxygen deficiency
atrophy
decrease in cell size (not dead yet)
hypertrophy
increased cell size
hyperplasia
increased number of cells
metaplasia
reversible change from one adult cell type to another to “better” withstand an adverse environment via transdifferentiation
steatosis
fatty change; abnormal, reversible accumulation of triglycerides within parenchymal cells, most commonly caused by alcohol abuse
stenosis
abnormal narrowing of a body passage
pyknosis
nuclear shrinkage, DNA condensation during cell death
karyorrhexis
fragmentation of DNA during cell death
karolysis
total loss of DNA (occurs during cell death)
Types of necrosis
1) Coagulation 2) Liquefactive 3) Fat 4) Caseous 5) Gangrenous 6) Fibrenoid
Signs of inflammation
1) Rubor (redness) due to increased blood flow 2) Calor (heat) due to increased blood flow 3) Tumor (swelling) due to protein rich exudate 4) Dolor (pain) due to bradykinin release plus increased pressure from fluid 5) Loss of function (Functio laesa)
Most prominent inflammatory cell during first few hours
Neutrophils
Cells present 1-2 days after inflammation
Monocyte-macrophages
Inflammatory cells most prominent in viral infections or chronic inflammation
Lymphocytes
Inflammatory cells most prominent in allergic reactions and parasitic infections
Eosinophils
Virchow’s Triad
3 categories of factors causing thrombosis: abnormal surface, abnormal flow, abnormal blood
