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Health and Social Care - Unit 6 > LO2 > Flashcards

LO2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a person-centred approach?

A

Seeing the person as an individual, focussing on their needs, wants & aspirations

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2
Q

A person-centred approach includes

A

Knowing the person as an individual
Empowering the individual
Respecting the individual’s preferences & values
Choice and autonomy
Respect and Dignity
Empathy & compassion

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3
Q

Knowing the person as an individual
(person-centred approach)

A
  • Each person has their own identity, needs, wishes, choices, beliefs and values
  • Taking time to find out about the person beyond their illness/disability
  • Thinking about what is important to an individual
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4
Q

Empowering individuals
(person-centred approach)

A
  • If an individual is empowered to be more aware of their own strengths, they will feel more confident and take more control of their life.
  • Learning new skills will enable them to become more independent and work positively with professionals and others to achieve their goals.
  • Empowerment should mean allowing an individual to make their own decisions that carers may disagree with.
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5
Q

Respecting the individual’s values and preferences
(person-centred approach)

A
  • Treat people with dignity, compassion, and respect.
  • Patients often lose independence when they enter care, puts dignity at risk.
  • Person-centred care enables you to maintain that dignity by respecting their wishes and treating them with compassion and empathy.
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6
Q

Choice and autonomy
(person-centred approach)

A
  • Each individual should be supported to make choices about their care and support.
  • They should be given information in a way that they can understand so they can make informed choices.
  • When working with individuals, you must find other ways of communicating.
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7
Q

Respect and Dignity
(person-centred approach)

A

Dignity: Treating someone with respect, valuing their individuality.
Respect: Showing that someone has importance as an individual.

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8
Q

Empathy and Compassion
(person-centred approach)

A
  • good manners
  • show personal interest
  • acknowledge their feelings
  • think what they might of been through
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9
Q

Principles in supporting a person-centred approach

A
  • Independence and rights
  • Co-production , choice and control
  • Inclusive and competent communities.
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10
Q

Independence & rights
(person-centred approach)

A
  • right to live the way they want to live
  • right to be employed
  • right to form meaningful relationships
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11
Q

Co-production, choice & control
(person-centred approach)

A
  • treated as an equal partner in decision making
  • being able to decide about their life
  • have more of what is important to them
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12
Q

inclusive and competent communities
(person-centred approach)

A
  • individuals should have the opportunity too participate in community activities and feel like they belong
  • inclusive communities being adapted to meet different needs.
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13
Q

good practice
(person-centred approach)

A
  • person-centred approach can help professionals achieve good practice
  • good practice refers to the standards that professionals have.
  • good practice involves them doing the best they can
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14
Q

role of a person-centred approach in good practice

A
  • more likely to continue with treatment
  • more likely to be happy with outcome
  • less anxious
  • able to ask questions
  • have a better relationships with professional
  • able to discuss risks and benefits
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15
Q

institutional model of care

A
  • one size fits all (everyone has the same care)
  • professionals making decisions
  • focussing on deficits
  • individuals don’t have the same rights as everyone else
  • doesn’t support independent living
  • doesn’t support inclusive communities
  • not given voice, choice and control
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16
Q

medical model of care

A
  • focus on deficits rather than capabilities
  • emphasis on meeting care needs rather than quality of life
  • viewing care needs as more important than other areas.
  • professional is the expert and knows what’s best for individual
17
Q

social model of care

A
  • puts individual at centre of care
  • focusses on capacity rather than deficits
  • promotes independence
    -promotes voice, choice and control
  • focused on individual
  • social rather than institutional
  • allows people to live how they want
  • based on co-production
18
Q

challenges to a person-centred approach

A
  • resistance to change
  • lack of staff training
  • institutions promoting medical model
  • lack of clarification over roles
  • focuses on deficits
  • not respecting choice when alternatives may promote health and wellbeing
  • institutional history of health services
  • communication barriers
19
Q

resistance to change
(challenges to PCA)

A
  • emotional reaction on fear
  • can be resistant to change because change is scary
  • someone may not want to lose safety net of someone making decisions for them
  • professionals may feel loss of power
  • professionals not wanting to be challenged
  • professionals losing their status
  • service users fearing change
  • service users afraid to do things differently
20
Q

institutional history of public services
(challenges to PCA)

A
  • in past, saw professionals knowing best & accepting what they said
  • history of healthcare has been this way for a while and will take them to change
21
Q

institutions promoting medical model of care
(challenges to PCA)

A
  • sees disability as a problem that belongs to an individual
  • sees people are limited by their condition
  • nhs focusses on curing individual through medication / surgery
  • need to move away from this model
22
Q

lack of staff training
(challenges to PCA)

A
  • person-centred care is new
  • to be successful, staff should be trained
  • a brand new set of skills top be taught and used
23
Q

communication barriers
(challenges to PCA)

A
  • basis of person-centred approach is it helps establish trusting relationships
  • ensures info is clear and understood
  • barrier can lead to resentment, frustration, misunderstanding and demoralisation for both professionals and individuals
24
Q

not respecting choice when alts promote health and wellbeing
(challenges to PCA)

A
  • professionals struggle to accept individual’s choice
25
Q

methods to overcome challenges of PCA

A
  • staff training
  • regular reviews
  • values based recruitment
  • recognition and action
  • modelling behaviour
26
Q

values based recruitment

A
  • designed to help employers recruit staff with social care values
  • focuses on how and why certain choices were made
  • explores attitudes and reason for doing something
  • gives employers insight to someone’s values
  • will help reduce resistance to change
27
Q

staff training

A
  • reduce job stress and staff turnover
  • turnover is the amount of people entering and leaving a job. high staff turnover is bad
  • in order for staff to feel confident in delivery p
    of PCA, they need knowledge and skills which are gained in education and training
28
Q

regular reviews of support provided

A
  • regular reviews are vital
  • should be conducted in a person-centred way when the individual, family or professionals feel its necessary.
  • reviews should be included in support plan.
29
Q

recognising and action

A
  • can happen when a professional fails to check that the individual is aware of what’s happening and is in control.
  • if the individual doesn’t feel in control, this can be changed.
30
Q

modelling behaviour

A
  • observing good practice by others
  • copying good practice observed to provide better personal care
  • observing others helps to learn as we can watch then copy the behaviour.
  • can be a good starting point for professionals who need guidance or need to gain confidence.
31
Q

History of public services timeline

A
  • 19th century: individuals put in asylums and workhouses.
  • 5th July 1948: NHS founded
  • 1940-1950: residential homes established
  • 1960: disability rights movement
  • 1970: independent living movement
  • 1990: people first movement
  • 1995: disability discrimination act
  • 1996: direct payments
  • 2000: closure of last remaining institutions
32
Q

Disability rights movement

A
  • made up of organisations of disability activists around the world working together with similar goals.
  • disability activists are working to break institutional, physical and societal barriers that prevent people with disabilities from living their lives.
  • disability rights movement lead to the independent living movement (1970)
    -The independent living movement is a way of looking at society & disability in a move positive light.
33
Q

disability discrimination act

A
  • in 1995, protests by disabled people lead to the introduction of the disability discrimination act.
  • it is illegal to discriminate against disabled people.
  • service providers must make services accessible for all disabilities.

Health and Social Care - Unit 6 (2 decks)

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