LO2 Flashcards
What is a person-centred approach?
Seeing the person as an individual, focussing on their needs, wants & aspirations
A person-centred approach includes
Knowing the person as an individual
Empowering the individual
Respecting the individual’s preferences & values
Choice and autonomy
Respect and Dignity
Empathy & compassion
Knowing the person as an individual
(person-centred approach)
- Each person has their own identity, needs, wishes, choices, beliefs and values
- Taking time to find out about the person beyond their illness/disability
- Thinking about what is important to an individual
Empowering individuals
(person-centred approach)
- If an individual is empowered to be more aware of their own strengths, they will feel more confident and take more control of their life.
- Learning new skills will enable them to become more independent and work positively with professionals and others to achieve their goals.
- Empowerment should mean allowing an individual to make their own decisions that carers may disagree with.
Respecting the individual’s values and preferences
(person-centred approach)
- Treat people with dignity, compassion, and respect.
- Patients often lose independence when they enter care, puts dignity at risk.
- Person-centred care enables you to maintain that dignity by respecting their wishes and treating them with compassion and empathy.
Choice and autonomy
(person-centred approach)
- Each individual should be supported to make choices about their care and support.
- They should be given information in a way that they can understand so they can make informed choices.
- When working with individuals, you must find other ways of communicating.
Respect and Dignity
(person-centred approach)
Dignity: Treating someone with respect, valuing their individuality.
Respect: Showing that someone has importance as an individual.
Empathy and Compassion
(person-centred approach)
- good manners
- show personal interest
- acknowledge their feelings
- think what they might of been through
Principles in supporting a person-centred approach
- Independence and rights
- Co-production , choice and control
- Inclusive and competent communities.
Independence & rights
(person-centred approach)
- right to live the way they want to live
- right to be employed
- right to form meaningful relationships
Co-production, choice & control
(person-centred approach)
- treated as an equal partner in decision making
- being able to decide about their life
- have more of what is important to them
inclusive and competent communities
(person-centred approach)
- individuals should have the opportunity too participate in community activities and feel like they belong
- inclusive communities being adapted to meet different needs.
good practice
(person-centred approach)
- person-centred approach can help professionals achieve good practice
- good practice refers to the standards that professionals have.
- good practice involves them doing the best they can
role of a person-centred approach in good practice
- more likely to continue with treatment
- more likely to be happy with outcome
- less anxious
- able to ask questions
- have a better relationships with professional
- able to discuss risks and benefits
institutional model of care
- one size fits all (everyone has the same care)
- professionals making decisions
- focussing on deficits
- individuals don’t have the same rights as everyone else
- doesn’t support independent living
- doesn’t support inclusive communities
- not given voice, choice and control
medical model of care
- focus on deficits rather than capabilities
- emphasis on meeting care needs rather than quality of life
- viewing care needs as more important than other areas.
- professional is the expert and knows what’s best for individual
social model of care
- puts individual at centre of care
- focusses on capacity rather than deficits
- promotes independence
-promotes voice, choice and control - focused on individual
- social rather than institutional
- allows people to live how they want
- based on co-production
challenges to a person-centred approach
- resistance to change
- lack of staff training
- institutions promoting medical model
- lack of clarification over roles
- focuses on deficits
- not respecting choice when alternatives may promote health and wellbeing
- institutional history of health services
- communication barriers
resistance to change
(challenges to PCA)
- emotional reaction on fear
- can be resistant to change because change is scary
- someone may not want to lose safety net of someone making decisions for them
- professionals may feel loss of power
- professionals not wanting to be challenged
- professionals losing their status
- service users fearing change
- service users afraid to do things differently
institutional history of public services
(challenges to PCA)
- in past, saw professionals knowing best & accepting what they said
- history of healthcare has been this way for a while and will take them to change
institutions promoting medical model of care
(challenges to PCA)
- sees disability as a problem that belongs to an individual
- sees people are limited by their condition
- nhs focusses on curing individual through medication / surgery
- need to move away from this model
lack of staff training
(challenges to PCA)
- person-centred care is new
- to be successful, staff should be trained
- a brand new set of skills top be taught and used
communication barriers
(challenges to PCA)
- basis of person-centred approach is it helps establish trusting relationships
- ensures info is clear and understood
- barrier can lead to resentment, frustration, misunderstanding and demoralisation for both professionals and individuals
not respecting choice when alts promote health and wellbeing
(challenges to PCA)
- professionals struggle to accept individual’s choice
methods to overcome challenges of PCA
- staff training
- regular reviews
- values based recruitment
- recognition and action
- modelling behaviour
values based recruitment
- designed to help employers recruit staff with social care values
- focuses on how and why certain choices were made
- explores attitudes and reason for doing something
- gives employers insight to someone’s values
- will help reduce resistance to change
staff training
- reduce job stress and staff turnover
- turnover is the amount of people entering and leaving a job. high staff turnover is bad
- in order for staff to feel confident in delivery p
of PCA, they need knowledge and skills which are gained in education and training
regular reviews of support provided
- regular reviews are vital
- should be conducted in a person-centred way when the individual, family or professionals feel its necessary.
- reviews should be included in support plan.
recognising and action
- can happen when a professional fails to check that the individual is aware of what’s happening and is in control.
- if the individual doesn’t feel in control, this can be changed.
modelling behaviour
- observing good practice by others
- copying good practice observed to provide better personal care
- observing others helps to learn as we can watch then copy the behaviour.
- can be a good starting point for professionals who need guidance or need to gain confidence.
History of public services timeline
- 19th century: individuals put in asylums and workhouses.
- 5th July 1948: NHS founded
- 1940-1950: residential homes established
- 1960: disability rights movement
- 1970: independent living movement
- 1990: people first movement
- 1995: disability discrimination act
- 1996: direct payments
- 2000: closure of last remaining institutions
Disability rights movement
- made up of organisations of disability activists around the world working together with similar goals.
- disability activists are working to break institutional, physical and societal barriers that prevent people with disabilities from living their lives.
- disability rights movement lead to the independent living movement (1970)
-The independent living movement is a way of looking at society & disability in a move positive light.
disability discrimination act
- in 1995, protests by disabled people lead to the introduction of the disability discrimination act.
- it is illegal to discriminate against disabled people.
- service providers must make services accessible for all disabilities.
