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IT paper 2 global information > LO1 devices and the internet > Flashcards

LO1 devices and the internet Flashcards

1
Q

what are the seven categories of holders of information? 1.1

A

business, government, individuals, education, healthcare, charity and community

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2
Q

what information does a business hold? 1.1

A
  • information on its employees (dob, address, financial info)
  • commercial information about their organisation (profits, losses, products, historical data)
  • some hold information about their competitors
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3
Q

what information dose a government hold? 1.1

A
  • large amount of info on all its citizens (financial earnings, tax paid, births, deaths, etc)
  • holds electoral roll about addresses
    a national census is taken every 10 years that records new data about its citizens
  • also stores info on other countries (only shares some publicly e.g. travel advice
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4
Q

what information does an individual hold? 1.1

A
  • info about themselves (in their head, electronically or on paper)
  • name, address, dob, usernames, passwords, email address, phone number, etc
  • also holds similar information on others in the same ways
  • other information will be about organisations (e.g. restaurant opening times, opening hours etc)
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5
Q

what information does education hold? 1.1

A

-schools, collages, universities
- info on current staff, students and past students
- student info = addresss, attendance, records, examination history, contact info for the and their parents/carers
- teacher info will be stored also
-info will be held on past students for a number of years after they graduate

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6
Q

what information does healthcare hold? 1.1

A
  • entire medical histories for each civilian
  • personal information (current addresses, dob, previous illnesses, treatments and operations, blood type, allergies and prescriptions)
  • this data should be held and stored confidentially and shouldn’t be shared to anyone other than the civilian
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7
Q

what information dose charities hold? 1.1

A
  • financial information of donors
  • if a charity has shops it will hold information on location, profits etc
  • information about different products
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8
Q

what information does community hold? 1.1

A
  • members
  • matches (sports centres)
  • meetings
  • events
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9
Q

what does the locations of systems affect? 1.1

A

the access speed and network quality

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10
Q

what is the digital divide gap? 1.1

A

difference between people who do and do not have access to networks and computers

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11
Q

what is the difference between developed countries and developing counties? 1.1

A

developed = better technology and an industry base with more funding available for information infrastructures (cabling and high access speeds)
developing = unstable governments and slower (if any) access to internet, less is spent on technology and improving broadband. computers can’t be purchased due to low citizen wages

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12
Q

what is the difference between rural and urban? 1.1

A

urban = high population density, due to the councils and IT companies will spend lots on internet infrastructure (cabling and installing high speed lines)
rural = a sparser population with far apart settlements making internet access poor and broadband speeds are slower, making accessing information on the internet more difficult

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13
Q

what is Internet access like from a remote location? 1.1

A

limited, and is expensive to install, meaning many providers won’t invest in rural areas as it isn’t economically viable, some areas with a small population may have no form of fixed internet access which can make communication with work difficult

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14
Q

exceptions in small remote locations 1.1

A

many have some form of internet but download speeds will be slower/disrupted due to intermittent connection, making working online difficulties accessing documents or webpages can take a long time

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15
Q

alternatives to fixed broadband 1.1

A

includes satellite and mobile broadband. mobile isn’t typically designed for home use and would be very expensive for everyday use and remote locations mean mobile coverage could also be weak. satellite broadband requires a dish with an unrestricted view of the sky. has a relatively high internet speed but will cost a lot to install and high latency (more chance of experiencing lag)

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16
Q

what are the four types of storage media? 1.2

A

magnetic storage, optical storage, solid state drive (SSD) and paper storage

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17
Q

how dose magnetic storage work? 1.2

A

a read write head moves nanometers above a platter and uses the magnetic field of the platter to read or edit data

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18
Q

how can magnetic storage be added/used? 1.2

A

used within desktop computers, can also be external and connected through a USB port

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19
Q

examples of magnetic storage 1.2

A

hard drive disks (HDD), floppy disk (no longer used, replaced by solid state devices. like USBs), magnetic tape

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20
Q

properties of magnetic storage 1.2

A

most common form of secondary storage within desktop storage, some forms like magnetic tape has high storage capacity

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21
Q

pros and cons of magnetic storage 1.2

A

pros = large storage capacity and cheaper per gigabyte than solid state, relatively quick access speed
cons = slower than a solid state, not durable or portable when powered on as it can damage the device

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22
Q

how dose optical storage work? 1.2

A

uses a laser to project beams of light onto a spinning disk allowing it to read data from a CD, DVD or blu-ray. are traditionally internal but disc drives can be brought for certain devices like laptops

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23
Q

pros and cons of optical storage 1.2

A

pros = thin and portable
cons = slowest access speed, low capacity (CD = 700 MB, DVD = 4.7 GB, Blue-ray = 25 GB), not durable as discs are fragile and break or scratch easily

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24
Q

examples of a solid state drive (SSD) 1.2

A

a USB flash drive (used to transport files easily because of its small size), memory cards like SD cards

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25
Q

pros and cons of solid state devices (SSD) 1.2

A

pros = no moving parts make it typically more durable, high capacity but more expensive per gigabyte than magnetic, small size mans they are portable, has the fastest access speed due to no moving parts, can be external, are replacing HDD because they are faster, quieter and yes less power
cons = cheap USB cards can break or snap

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26
Q

properties of paper storage 1.2

A

includes hand written notes, printed documents, notes, forms, schedules and maps, relatively inexpensive, can be written on to change but must be reprinted after changes are made and can be easily carried in small quantities by a person

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27
Q

pros and cons of paper storage 1.2

A

pros = quite portable
cons = takes up lots of space as it has to have physical security methods to keep them safe, low capacity as it can only hold a certain amount of information, poor durability and can tear easily, large stacks are difficult and expensive to transport, access speed is slow especially if not organised efficiently

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28
Q

examples of hand held devices 1.3

A

smart phones, eReader, small tablet, smart watch

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29
Q

pros of hand held devices 1.3

A
  • light and portable
  • can be worn on the body
  • runs on battery power so there is more freedom with movement as you aren’t permanently connected to a cable
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30
Q

cons of hand held devices 1.3

A
  • lower processing power due to small size and no cooling system
  • relies on its battery power so there is limited usage time until charging
  • increased risk of loss, theft or damage
    generally has small memory/storage capacity and low versatility
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31
Q

examples of portable devices 1.3

A

laptop, large tablet

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32
Q

pros of portable devices 1.3

A
  • light and portable = easy to transport
  • runs on battery power so can work without a power outlet
  • more powerful and versatile than handheld devices
  • can be carried in a bag
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33
Q

cons of portable devices 1.3

A
  • lower processing power and smaller memory/storage capacity than fixed devices like desktops
  • reliant on their battery power so usage is limited to the battery until charging
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34
Q

examples of fixed devices 1.3

A

desktops, games console, smart TV

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35
Q

what can you define a fixed device as? 1.3

A

a bulky device that requires a constant power connection

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36
Q

pros of fixed devices 1.3

A
  • has the highest processing power of commercially available home/work computers
  • has sufficient cooling systems to maintain temperature
  • has large storage capacities and can be upgraded to even larger ones
  • very versatile
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37
Q

cons of fixed devices 1.3

A
  • reliant on a power outlet
  • can’t be transported while on
  • heavy and difficult to move
  • may require additional components like a monitor
  • typically more expensive than handheld devices
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38
Q

examples of shared devices 1.3

A

cloud storage, data centre, database storage

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39
Q

what can you define a shared device as? 1.3

A

a device that allows multiple users to access data at the same time

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40
Q

pros of shared devices 1.3

A
  • accessible by multiple users at once e.g. data centres allow online services to run at all times
  • cloud storage frees up physical storage for users and is usually stored with third party servers
  • cloud storage devices allow authorised users access to information or work remotely
41
Q

cons of shared devices 1.3

A
  • reliant on stable network connections (if a connection is lost the device will be affected)
  • setting up shared devices requires technical knowledge, especially companies establishing their own cloud storage or data centre
42
Q

where are data centres? 1.3

A

dedicated buildings that contain computer systems

43
Q

what is the most common example of a shared device? 1.3

A

cloud storage as it is used by individuals, schools and businesses around the world through services such as google drive, one drive and iCloud

44
Q

what are the two types of connection? 1.4

A

wired and wireless

45
Q

what are some examples of wired connections? 1.4

A

copper cables and fibre optic cables

46
Q

pros of copper cables 1.4

A

cheaper than fibre optics, malleable and less likely to break

47
Q

cons of copper cables 1.4

A

may be poorly insulated and therefore susceptible to electromagnetic interference, are more likely to suffer form attenuation (network distortion), lower bandwidth = can’t transmit much data at once

48
Q

how do fibre optics cables work? 1.4

A

signals are transmitted as waves of light through glass tubes

49
Q

pros of fibre optics cables 1.4

A

very fast, not effected by electromagnetic interference, suffered less from attenuation, has a higher bandwidth (transfers lots of data at once)

50
Q

cons for fibre optics 1.4

A

expensive, fragile

51
Q

examples of wireless connections 1.4

A

bluetooth, microwave, satellite, GSM/5G

52
Q

what is bluetooth? 1.4

A

temporary short-range communication between devices within a range of 10 meters. requires close proximity but no other hardware

53
Q

how do microwave connections work? 1.4

A

uses radio waves to send a signal across a large area via microwave towers

54
Q

cons of microwave connections 1.4

A

is affected by bad weather which leads to higher chances of attenuation, antennas must be in the line of sight of each other with no obstructions

55
Q

how do satellites work? 1.4

A

Uses point to multipoint communication by using satellites above the earths atmosphere that receive a transmission and rebroadcast them back to earth. because of the distance between the device and the satellite there is a delay between data transmission and being received

56
Q

what is GSM? 1.4

A

global system for mobile communication. allows for mobile phones to connect to a network for calls and text messages

57
Q

what are the connection characteristics? 1.4

A

strength, range, latency, bandwidth, storage capacity and connection

58
Q

what is latency? 1.4

A

the delay when sending data across a network

59
Q

what is bandwidth? 1.4

A

the maximum amount of data that can be sent across a network at once

60
Q

what is contention? 1.4

A

refers to whether a network is dedicated (unconnected) or shared between users (contended)

61
Q

what is the internet? 1.5

A

a global network of interconnected networks

62
Q

what is the World Wide Web? 1.5

A

a way of accessing information using protocols like HTTPS to view webpages, not the same as the internet

63
Q

what are the three types of WWW technologies? 1.5

A

internet, extranet, intranet

64
Q

characteristics of the internet 1.5

A
  • public
  • open access
  • more secure than the intranet because only authorised users can log in
  • can be accessed on any network-enabled device at any time
65
Q

what is the intranet? 1.5

A

a private network that is only accessible to authorised users

66
Q

characteristics of the intranet 1.5

A
  • private
  • closed access
  • can be set so only certain people on the intranet can view certain things
67
Q

what is the extranet? 1.5

A

a private network that is accessible using the internet but provides access only to authorised users

68
Q

characteristics of the extranet 1.5

A
  • private
  • users have shared access
  • slowest network because it must be accessed through the internet first
69
Q

what are the network characteristics? 1.5

A

speed, security, access levels, accessibility

70
Q

definition of speed 1.5

A

refers to how quickly data can be accessed

71
Q

definition of security 1.5

A

how likely the data will be kept secure

72
Q

definition of access levels 1.5

A

refers to who can see what in terms of data and files (AKA permissions)

73
Q

definition of accessibility 1.5

A

how available the data is

74
Q

what dose an information format do? 1.6

A

displays information on the internet

75
Q

what are the two types of webpages? 1.6

A

static and dynamic

76
Q

examples of what a website can be used for 1.6

A

advertising of products, reporting information, displaying images, eCommerce

77
Q

characteristics of a static web page 1.6

A
  • contains content that is pre-built and remains the same each time the page is loaded
  • cheaper and easier to load
  • uses basic HTML
  • it can be changed by the sites editor but will appear the same to everyone else who has access
78
Q

characteristics of a dynamic webpage 1.6

A
  • are generated when they are loaded and can appear different to different users
  • are harder to code but can be linked to databases to allow them to show personalised content to whoever viewing the site
  • are written in server side languages like PHP
    (an example is the amazon website showing personalised product recommendations)
79
Q

what are blogs? 1.6

A

a website used to share information with like-minded individuals. can feature multimedia such as text, images, videos and links to other sights

80
Q

pros and cons of blogs 1.6

A

+ shares information with followers in the form of text, images and videos
+ can be used to unite people with similar interests
- takes a lot of time and effort to create posts, especially if videos need to be edited before posting
- it can be difficult to build up a community base directly from a blog
- posts must be engaging, researched and correct

81
Q

what is a podcast? 1.6

A

a downloadable audio file, usually on a certain topic that can be listened to when convenient for the user

82
Q

pros and cons of podcasts 1.6

A

+ are not usually recorded live so can be edited and uploaded at certain times each week
+ can be listed to when convenient so they can catch up if they miss an episode
+ popular = wider range of topics to listen to
- takes time to record and edit each episode
- can be difficult to build up an audience directly from the podcast, and they need to be interesting and spoken in an engaging way

83
Q

what do social media channels do? 1.6

A

provides a large amount of data on users in an informal space.

84
Q

pros of social media channels 1.6

A
  • can increase an online business presence
  • can be shared easily
  • exposure (going viral)
  • can be used for communication
85
Q

cons of social media channels 1.6

A
  • may need to hire a social media manager
  • negative posts can be shared and spread quickly
  • people must be cautious about what they post so to not offend others and damage their reputation and prospects
86
Q

what do emails do? 1.6

A

used to provide information to a large amount of people very fast

87
Q

pros of emails 1.6

A
  • faster and cheaper than other forms of communication
  • files can be attached
  • an audit trail can be kept, recording communication between the company and its customers
  • can be read and sent at the users convenience to any internet-enabled device across the world
88
Q

cons of emails 1.6

A
  • an internet connection is required to open the email
  • malware can be spread through email attachments, fishers can use emails to gain access to personal information and accounts
  • some attachments sent may be unreadable
  • some emails get automatically sent to the spam folder and can be deleted without being read
89
Q

what are document stores? 1.6

A

allows users to store files online in cloud storage

90
Q

pros of document stores 1.6

A
  • allows users to edit and access files from any location with an internet connection
  • opens up opportunities for collaboration
  • many organisations offer cloud storage space for free
  • convenient for users
  • replaces the need for portable storage devices like USB sticks
91
Q

cons of document stores 1.6

A
  • can only be accessed with an internet connection so files will be unavailable during maintenance or network failure
  • users rely on the cloud hosting provider to keep data secure and available, if it crashes, data may be lost and the user won’t be able to get it back
92
Q

what dose RSS stand for? 1.6

A

rich site summary

93
Q

what do RSS feeds do? 1.6

A

allows users to subscribe to updates from their favourite websites.

94
Q

what is an RSS feed? 1.6

A

a web feed that updates whenever a subscribed site releases new information. as of 2020 most browsers no longer have built in RSS feeds and is rarely used.

95
Q

advantages of the Internet for individuals 1.7/8

A
  • increased speed of personal communication = allows for instant messaging, emails and video chats across the world
  • easy access to information = the internet has free resources for research and study
  • social interaction with others = social media, discussion forums and online games provide entertainment and social interaction
96
Q

disadvantages of the internet for individuals 1.7/8

A
  • potential for identity theft = uploading personal data and storing sensitive information risks hackers obtaining and utilising it
  • costs of connection and services = internet service providers (ISPs) charge monthly charge fees and equipment like a router needs installation
  • source of distraction = staff and students may neglect their work and study for entertainment or social media
  • cyber bullying and trolling = the abuse of others on social media is possible. anonymisation makes it harder to catch offenders
  • spread of misinformation = fake news or biased information can easily be spread on social media and lead to incorrect assumptions
97
Q

advantages of the Internet for organisations 1.7/8

A
  • share data quickly = files and information can be sent instantly to locations across the world. cloud storage can store data
  • online services always available = e-commerce businesses can operate 24/7 globally, permit users to browse and accept payments
  • easy internal communication = staff can use emails, video calls or instant messages to communicate
  • open up the workplace = staff can work from home, on the commute to/from work and outside of office
98
Q

disadvantages of the internet for organisations 1.7/8

A
  • malicious attacks or threats risk the website and can be taken offline with DDoS attacks, meaning data can be stolen or corrupted
  • cost of maintaining is high as most companies require an IT department for maintenance and installation
  • reputation and controversies are possible as companies that leak data will damage their reputation
  • social media posts can backfire

IT paper 2 global information (6 decks)

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