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Rad Interpretation > LO 3-4 > Flashcards

LO 3-4 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe how metallic restorations react to x-rays

A
  1. Absorb x-rays
  2. Very little radiation comes in contact with the film
  3. That area of film remains unexposed, and the metallic restorations appear completely radiopaque on a dental radiograph (less true of stainless steel)
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2
Q

Nonmetallic restorations may vary in radiographic appearance from _________ to ________, depending on the density of the material

A
  1. radiolucent
  2. slightly radiopaque
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3
Q

Porcelain is the most _________ and least _________ of non-metallic restoration materials

A
  1. dense
  2. radiolucent
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4
Q

Acrylic the least _________ and most __________ of non-metallic restoration materials

A
  1. dense
  2. radiolucent
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5
Q

Describe one-surface amalgam restorations

A
  1. Appear as distinct, small, round or void radiopacities
  2. May be seen on B, L, or O surfaces
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6
Q

Larger two-surface and multisurface amalgam restorations also appear radiopaque and are characterized by _________

A

irregular, well defined outlines or borders

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7
Q

What are amalgam overhangs?

A
  1. Extensions of amalgam seen beyond the crown portion of a tooth in the interproximal region
  2. Disrupts natural cleansing contours of the tooth, traps food and plaque, and contributes to bone loss
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8
Q

What are amalgam fragments?

A
  1. Fragments of amalgam may be inadvertently embedded in adjacent soft tissue during restoration of a tooth
  2. Appear as dense radiopacities with irregular borders
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9
Q

Describe gold restorations

A
  1. Appear completely radiopaque and, unlike amalgam restorations, exhibit a smooth marginal outline
  2. Gold crowns and bridges - Appear as large radiopaque restorations with smooth contours and regular borders
  3. Gold foil restorations - Appear as small round radiopacities
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10
Q

Describe stainless steel and chrome crowns

A
  1. Appear radiopaque, but not as densely radiopaque as amalgam or gold
  2. Outlines and margins appear smooth and regular
  3. Some areas may appear “see-through” on a radiograph
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11
Q

Describe post and core restorations

A
  1. Can be seen in endodontically treated teeth
  2. Appears radiopaque on a dental radiograph
  3. The core portion resembles the prepared portion of a tooth crown, and the post portion extends into the pulp canal
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12
Q

Describe porcelain restorations

A
  1. Appearance is slightly radiopaque and resembles the radiopacity of dentin
  2. All-porcelain crowns - A thin radiopaque line outlining the prepared tooth that represents cement may be evident through the slightly radiopaque porcelain crown
  3. Porcelain-fused-to-metal crown - The metal component appears completely radiopaque, and the porcelain component appear slightly radiopaque
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13
Q

Describe composite restorations

A

May vary in radiographic appearance from radiolucent to slightly radiopaque depending on the composition of the composite material - older ones are more radiolucent because they used to have fewer fillers

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14
Q

Describe acrylic restorations

A
  1. Often used as an interim or temporary crown or filling
  2. Acrylic is the least dense of all nonmetallic restorations and appears radiolucent or barely visible on a dental radiograph
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15
Q

What materials are used in restorative dentistry?

A
  1. Base materials - Used as cavity liners placed on the floor of a cavity preparation to protect the pulp; Appear radiopaque, less radiodense than amalgam
  2. Metallic pins - Used to enhance retention of amalgam or composite; Appear as cylindrical or screw-shaped radiopacities
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16
Q

What materials are used in endodontics?

A
  1. Gutta percha - A claylike material used to fill pulp canals; Appears radiopaque, similar to base materials, less radiodense than metallic restorations
  2. Silver points - Used to fill pulp canals; Very radiopaque, similar to other metallic materials, appear more radiodense than gutta percha
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17
Q

What materials are used in prosthodontics?

A
  1. Complete dentures - A complete denture that is not removed gives the illusion of rootless, or “floating” teeth
  2. Removable partial dentures - An RPD with a metal base with acrylic saddles appears densely radiopaque where metal is present and slightly radiopaque in the areas of acrylic

*Patients should be instructed to remove all complete and partial dentures before dental radiographs are taken

18
Q

What materials are used in orthodontics?

A
  1. Orthodontic bands, brackets, and wires may be observed on dental radiographs
  2. Have a characteristic appearance
19
Q

What materials are used in oral surgery

A
  1. Implants are being used with increased frequency - The radiographic appearance varies based on the shape and design of the implant used
  2. Suture wires, metallic splints and plates, bone screws, and stabilizing arches are used in oral surgery to stabilize fractures of the maxilla and mandible
20
Q

What is the issue with the client wearing jewelry, glasses, or napkin chain on their face/neck during a radiograph?

A
  1. Metal earings appear as dense radiopacities
  2. A radiodense object causes an artifact known as a ghost image - These images can obscure important information and render the film nondiagnostic
  3. The metal portion of eyeglass frames appears as a radiopacity on dental film
21
Q

Caries are identified through a combination of _________ and _________

A
  1. Clinical Examination
  2. Radiographic Examination
22
Q

With regards to caries, what do radiographs allow the dental professional to do?

A
  1. Radiographs enable the dental professional to identify carious lesions that are not visible clinically
  2. It also allows the dental professional to evaluate the extent and severity of carious lesions
23
Q

What instruments are used to identify caries clinically?

A
  1. The mirror can be used to reflect light, allow for indirect vision, and retract the tongue
  2. The explorer can be used to detect changes in consistency in pits, grooves, and fissures of teeth
24
Q

How does colour change indicate caries in a clinical examination?

A
  1. Occlusal surfaces may show dark staining in fissures, pits, and grooves
  2. Smooth surfaces may exhibit a chalky white spot or opacity
  3. An interproximal ridge may appear discolored
  4. Some teeth may exhibit a discolored area, cavitation, or have no visible changes
25
Q

How do caries appear on radiographs?

A
  1. A carious area appears radiolucent because decreased density allows for greater penetration in the carious area
  2. The bite-wing radiograph provides the dental professional with the greatest amount of diagnostic information
  3. A periapical radiograph taken with paralleling technique may also be used
26
Q

List some tips for interpreting radiographs

A
  1. Proper mounting
  2. Viewing in a room with subdued light that is free of distractions
  3. An illuminator or viewbox
  4. Masking light around the mounted films
  5. A pocket sized magnifying glass
27
Q

What factors influence caries interpretation?

A
  1. Radiographs must be of diagnostic quality
  2. Examples of errors may include - Improper horizontal angulation on a bitewing film; Errors in exposure with improper contrast and density
28
Q

How are caries classified?

A
  1. Interproximal Caries
  2. Occlusal Caries
  3. Buccal and Lingual Caries
  4. Root Surface Caries
  5. Recurrent Caries
  6. Rampant Caries
29
Q

Describe interproximal caries

A
  1. Between two adjacent surfaces
  2. Typically seen on dental radiographs at or just below the contact point
  3. As caries progresses through the enamel, it typically assumes a triangular configuration
  4. When it reaches the DEJ, it spreads laterally and progresses through dentin
  5. Classified as incipient, moderate, advanced, and severe
30
Q

Describe incipient interproximal caries

A
  1. Extends less than halfway through the thickness of enamel
  2. Is seen only in enamel
31
Q

Describe Moderate Interproximal Caries

A
  1. Extends more than halfway through enamel but does not involve the DEJ
  2. A moderate interproximal caries is seen only in enamel
32
Q

Describe Advanced Interproximal Caries

A
  1. Extends to or through the DEJ and into dentin, but does not extend into dentin more than half the distance toward the pulp
  2. An advanced lesion affects both enamel and dentin
33
Q

Describe Severe Interproximal Caries

A
  1. extends through enamel and dentin more than half the distance toward the pulp
  2. A severe lesion involves both enamel and dentin and may appear clinically as a cavitation in the tooth
34
Q

Describe occlusal caries

A
  1. Caries that involve the chewing surface of posterior teeth
  2. “A thorough clinical exam is the method of choice for the detection of occlusal caries”
  3. Early occlusal caries is difficult to see on a dental radiograph
35
Q

Describe Incipient Occlusal Caries

A
  1. Cannot be seen on a dental radiograph
  2. Must be detected with an explorer
36
Q

Describe Moderate Occlusal Caries

A
  1. Extends into dentin
  2. Could appear as a thin radiolucent line
37
Q

Describe severe occlusal caries

A
  1. Extends into dentin and appears as a radiolucency
  2. The radiolucency extends under the enamel of the occlusal surface of the tooth
38
Q

Describe buccal and lingual caries

A
  1. These are difficult to detect on radiograph because they are superimposed on tooth structure
  2. If seen on film, they appear as a circular radiolucent area
39
Q

Describe root surface caries

A
  1. Involves only the roots of teeth
  2. On radiograph, it appears as a cupped-out or crater-shaped radiolucency below the CEJ
  3. Early lesions may be difficult to detect on radiograph
40
Q

Describe recurrent caries

A
  1. Occurs adjacent to an existing restoration
  2. It appears as a radiolucent area just beneath a restoration
  3. It is most often located beneath the interproximal margins of a restoration
41
Q

Describe rampant caries

A
  1. Advanced and severe caries affecting a number of teeth
  2. Associated with children with poor diets and adults with Xerostomia

Rad Interpretation (3 decks)

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