LO 1-3 Flashcards
Define Pharmacology
- The science of drugs - pharmacon = drug (Greek), logos = science
- The study of how drugs interact with living organisms to produce a change in function
Define Drug
- Therapeutic agent other than food, used in the prevention, diagnosis, alleviation, treatment, or cure of disease.
- Synthetic, semisynthetic or natural substance
- Medication, medicine: a licenced drug used to treat a medical condition
- Preventive medicine : has future benefits, does not treat any existing disease or symptoms
What do drugs do in the body?
- alter some functions or produce some effects (affecting mind, body or both)
What are the 2 major classifications of drugs with examples?
- Over the counter (OTC): no prescription (e.g. ibuprofen( Advil, Motrin), acetaminophen( Tylenol))
- Prescription drugs: prescription from MD, DDS, optometrists (e.g. antibiotics, narcotics)
Why is it important for dental professionals to understand pharmacology
- Obtaining adequate health history.
- Administering drugs in a dental setting: topical anesthetic, local anesthetic, F, nitrous oxide
- Handling emergency situation
- Planning appointments and pre-medication
- Choosing medication for self and family
- Discussing drugs with patient and other health care professional
- Continuing education
- Recognizing the clinical symptoms of drug interactions/discussing drug interactions
What 2 laws are related to drug standards and control in Canada?
- Food and Drugs Act - controls drugs (otc and prescription, except controlled drugs), food additives, cosmetics, medical devices
- Controlled Drugs and Substances Act
What is the purpose of drug laws?
- To protect the consumer from
health hazards and fraud or deception in the sale and use of foods, drugs, cosmetics and medical devices. - To monitor the potency, purity and safety of drug products on the Canadian market
What do drug laws outline regulations for?
- Procedure for new drugs
- Manufacturing standards
- Labeling and advertising of drugs
- Conditions of drug sale
- Inspection
- Importation
What does the Therapeutic Products Directorate(TPD) apply to?
- The Food and Drug Regulations under the authority of The Food and Drugs Act to ensure that the pharmaceutical drugs offered for sale in Canada are safe, effective and of high quality.
- The TPD also administers the fee regulations for drugs under the authority of The Financial Administration Act.
Before drug products are authorized for sale in Canada, Health Canada reviews them to assess their __________
safety, efficacy and quality
In addition to prescription and non-prescription pharmaceuticals, drug products include ____________
Disinfectants and sanitizers with disinfectant claims
Prior to being given market authorization, a manufacturer must present proper ____________ of a product’s safety, efficacy and quality as required by the Food and Drugs Act and Regulations
scientific evidence
When a product is offered for sale in Canada to treat or prevent diseases or symptoms, it is regulated as a drug under ____________
the Food and Drugs Act
Define controlled substances
- Any type of drug that the federal government has categorized as having a higher-than-average potential for abuse or addiction.
- There are 6 Schedules for controlled substances.
Concerning drugs, what is Health Canada’s role?
- to regulate the import, export, production, distribution, possession, and sale of controlled drugs
- To administer legislation/ activities through the Office of Controlled Substances
- Collaborate with Canadian/ international stakeholders to ensure effective handling and legal distribution of controlled drugs.
- Analyze, through the Drug Analysis Service, suspected illegal drugs that are seized by Canadian police forces (RCMP, provincial, regional and municipal) and Canada Customs