LM Flashcards
1
Q
Main characteristics of NSAIDs
A
- analgesia
- anti-inflammatory
- anti-pyretic
- inhibit prostaglandin synthesis by COX
2
Q
What do NSAIDs stand for?
A
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
3
Q
What metabolises the COX pathway?
A
- Arachidonic acid released by membrane phospholipids when phospholipase A is activated
4
Q
What are COX-1 enzymes involved in?
A
- physiological.
- produces prostaglandins that help maintain gastric mucosal integrity and platelet-initiated blood clotting.
- inhibition thought to be responsible for GI toxicity
5
Q
What are COX-2 enzymes involved in?
A
- produce prostaglandins that mediate pain and inflammation
- classical NSAIDs inhibit both
- pathophysiological role
6
Q
What do prostaglandins do?
A
- sensitise pain nerve endings to stimulation by bradykinin and histamine
- potent vasodilators, increase vascular permeability
7
Q
Explain prostaglandin and fever relationship
A
- increased prostaglandin in hypothalamus, increases temp set point
- NSAIDs do not reduce normal body temperature
8
Q
Explain prostaglandin and platelet aggregation relationship
A
- inhibits platelet aggregation . increasing intracellular cAMP levels in platelets, leading to reduced aggregation.
- prostacyclin promotes vasodilation, improving blood flow and preventing clot formation
9
Q
What are the adverse effects of NSAIDs?
A
- gastric ulceration
- renal effects
- hypersensitivity
10
Q
What type of receptors are present at the NMJ?
A
- muscle-type nicotinic receptors
- singly innervated: only one nerve supplies each muscle motor unit
11
Q
What happens during rest at the NMJ?
A
- occasional fusing of Ach containing granules with plasma membrane
- does not read firing threshold
12
Q
What is the action of local anaesthetics on the NMJ?
A
- block sodium channels involved in propagating nerve impulse
13
Q
Mode of action of vecuronium
A
- inhibition of end plate depolarisation
- competitive antagonist
- widely used in surgery to induce muscle relaxation
14
Q
Mechanism of action of suxamethonium
A
- causes contraction of skeletal muscle
- Nm agonist
- causes initial muscle contraction but cannot be cleared. flaccid paralysis
15
Q
How is suxamethonium cleared?
A
- plasma choline esterase
16
Q
What are the types of medication which can be prescribed?
A
- prescription only medication (POM)
- pharmacy only (P)
- general sales list (GSL)
17
Q
What to look out for in a prescription?
A
- dosage errors/formulation
- wrong drug
- drug interactions: drug/patient/synergistic/antagonistic
18
Q
A
