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Living World Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Study of living organisms

A

Biology

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2
Q

Story of life on earth

A

Biology

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3
Q

Story of evolution of living organisms on earth

A

Biology

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4
Q

Living organisms differ from non-living things by

A

Living organisms have certain unique characters like metabolism , consciousness , etc.

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5
Q

All living organisms are made of

A

Cells

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6
Q

Living organisms are

A

Self-replicating , evolving , self-regulating and interactive systems capable of responding to external stimuli.

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7
Q

Twin characteristics of growth

A

Increase in mass , increase in number of individual.

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8
Q

in plants , growth is seen

A

throughout there life-span

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9
Q

in animals , growth is seen

A

only up to certain age.

however , cell division occurs in certain tissue to replace the lost cells.

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10
Q

growth in non-living things is

A

external , by accumulation of material on surface

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11
Q

growth in living beings is

A

internal

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12
Q

is growth defining feature of living organisms

A

no

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13
Q

Reproduction refers to

A

Production of progeny possessing features more or less similar to those of parents.

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14
Q

in sexual reproduction

A

2 parent are there , who produce sperm and egg cells containing half of their genetic material , there cells fuse to forma new individual with a full genetic set. this process is called fertilization.

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15
Q

fungi multiply and spread easily due to

A

millions of asexual spores they produce

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16
Q

asexual reproduction in yeast and hydra

A

budding

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17
Q

in Planaria ( flat worms )

A

we observe true regeneration, i.e., a fragmented organism regenerates the lost part of its body and becomes, a new organism.

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18
Q

fungi, the filamentous algae, the protonema of mosses,

A

all easily multiply by fragmentation

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19
Q

In unicellular organisms like bacteria, unicellular algae or Amoeba

A

reproduction is synonymous with growth, i.e., increase in number of cells.
We have already defined growth as equivalent to increase in cell number or mass.

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20
Q

organisms which do not reproduce

A

mules , sterile worker bees , infertile human couple.

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21
Q

is reproduction defining feature of living organisms

A

no

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22
Q

Conversions of biomolecules in our body is called

A

Metabolic reactions or Chemical reaction

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23
Q

all living organisms are Made of

A

Chemicals

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24
Q

Define Metabolism

A

sum total of all chemical reactions occurring in our body.

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25
Q

Isolated metabolic reactions in vitro are

A

Not living things but surly living reactions.

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26
Q

Is metabolism defining feature of all living organisms

A

Yes without exception

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27
Q

Metabolism can be subdivided into

A

Anabolism and catabolism

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28
Q

Anabolism means

A

Reaction where complex molecules breakdown and form simple once.

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29
Q

Catabolism means

A

Conversion of complex molecules into simple once

30
Q

Energy is consumed in

A

Anabolic reactions

31
Q

Energy producing reactions are

A

catabolic reactions

32
Q

Consciousness

A

Ability to sense their surrounding environment

33
Q

animals sense their environment by

A

Sense organs

34
Q

Sense organs are

A

the specialized organs composed of sensory neurons, which help us to perceive and respond to our surroundings.

35
Q

sense organs in humans

A

There are five sense organs in humans – eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin.

36
Q

Plants respond to external factors like

A

light, water , temperature , other organisms and pollutants.

37
Q

Photoperiod affects reproduction in

A

seasonal breeders , both plants and animals

38
Q

All organisms handle chemical entering their body , therefore are

A

Aware of their surroundings , has consciousness

39
Q

Humans are only organisms , aware of himself

A

Has self-consciousness

40
Q

Consciousness therefore , becomes the

A

Defining property of living organisms

41
Q

Levels of organization in living organisms

A
  • Sub-atomic particles
  • Atoms
  • Molecules
  • Cellular organelles
  • Cells
  • Tissue
  • Organs
  • Organ system
  • Organism
  • Genus
  • Population
  • Community
  • Ecosystem
  • Biomes
  • Biosphere
42
Q

Types of tissue in animals

A

Connective tissue , epithelial tissue , muscle and nervous tissue

43
Q

Cellular organization of body is

A

Defining feature of life forms

44
Q

Normal body temp in humans

A

37 degree Celsius , or 98.6 Fahrenheit

45
Q

Living organisms regulate their internal environment to

A

maintain the relatively narrow range of conditions needed for cells to function

46
Q

Homeostasis definition

A

The maintenance of stable internal environment , even in the face of changing external environment , is known as homeostasis

47
Q

All basic features of living organisms are

A
  • Growth
  • reproduction
  • metabolism
  • Consciousness
  • Cellular Organization
  • Homeostasis
  • Evolution
  • Interaction In living organisms
48
Q

Define Biodiversity

A

It is the term used to describe enormous Varity of life on earth.

49
Q

Number of known species

A

1.7 - 1.8 million

50
Q

Nomenclature

A

Naming of living organisms , so that they are known by same name all over the world

51
Q

Identification is process of

A

describing organism correct , so that it can be named.

52
Q

ICBN full form

A

International code for botanical Nomenclature

53
Q

ICZN

A

International code for zoological nomenclature

54
Q

2 components of scientific name

A

Generic name ( genus ) and specific epithet .

55
Q

system of providing name with 2 components is called

A

Binomial nomenclature

56
Q

Binomial nomenclature system was given by

A

Carolus Linnaeus

57
Q

Biological names are generally in

A

Latin and written in Italics.

58
Q

First word in biological name

A

genus

59
Q

Second word in it

A

Species

60
Q

Both words in biological name when hand written are

A

separately underlined

61
Q

Both words in biological name when printed

A

in italics to indicate their Latin origin

62
Q

The first word denoting the genus starts with

A

a capital letter

63
Q

the specific epithet starts with

A

small letter

64
Q

scientific name of mango

A

Mangifera indica

65
Q

Define classification

A

the process by which anything is grouped into convenient categories based on some easily observable characters.

66
Q

scientific term for these categories is

A

Taxa

67
Q

all living organisms can be classified into different taxa

A

This process of classification is taxonomy.

68
Q

Basis of taxonomy

A

characterization, identification, classification and nomenclature

69
Q

word systematics is derived from

A

the Latin word ‘ systema ’ which means systematic arrangement of organisms

70
Q

Linnaeus used ___ as a title of his publication

A

Systema Naturae

71
Q

Father of Taxonomy

A

Carolus Linnaeus

Biology (38 decks)

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