Living world Flashcards

1
Q

what is an ecosystem?

A

the living and non-living relationships between the environment and the organisms

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2
Q

what is a biome?

A

a global ecosystem eg. a tundra, desert, savanna, rainforest, grassland, marine etc

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3
Q

what is a producer?

A

organisms that obtain their energy from the sun

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4
Q

what is a consumer?

A

organisms that obtain their energy from eating other organisms

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5
Q

what is a scavenger?

A

organisms that eat dead animals or plants

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6
Q

what is a decomposer?

A

bacteria that break down animals or plants

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7
Q

what is the nutrient cycle?

A

the recycling of nutrients. they are stored in the soil and biomass and litter

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8
Q

what is eutrophication?

A

lots of nutrients in a lake and causes lots of plant growth

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9
Q

local changes that can change ecosystems

A

hedgerow removal and agricultural change

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10
Q

global changes that can effect ecosystems

A

climate change (the world is changing 10,000 times faster than animals can adapt to it) and conflict

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11
Q

Malaysian case study…

A

is in south asia
between equator and tropic of cancer
14.4% of the rainforest has been cut down
the WWF is protecting 30% of the land

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12
Q

weathering can…

A

…make everything break down faster because of the warm weather and the biomass takes all the nutrients up

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13
Q

the fall out can…

A

…make the dead trees fall to the ground and make more litter

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14
Q

the precipitation can…

A

…add nutrients to the nutrient cycles

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15
Q

the run-off…

A

…nutrients are run out off the soil during heavy rain

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16
Q

leaching is where…

A

…nutrients are lost out of the soil during heavy rain

17
Q

decay is…

A

…rapid decay due to warm weather, for the decomposers

18
Q

what are the 4 layers of the rainforest?

A
  1. forest floor- dark and steamy, 2% of light, dead and decaying matter
  2. lower canopy- grows quickly and plants competing for life
  3. canopy- the main section, umbrella shapes
  4. emergent- thick trunks, and only one or two of the tallest trees
19
Q

Lianas are…

A

woody creepers that are rooted to the ground but climb up thee trees

20
Q

buttress roots are…

A

massive ridges to support bases and increases surface areas

21
Q

epiphytes are…

A

plants that live on the trunks to make the most of the sunlight

22
Q

how much of the world’s oxygen does the amazon rainforest create?

A

20%

23
Q

what is subsistance farming?

A

it is the farmer creating food only for his own family

24
Q

where is the amazon rainforest?

A

it is 2/3 of Brazil, north the topic of Capricorn and is south of the equator with its coast of the Atlantic Ocean

25
Q

what is the nutrient cycle of the tundra?

A

they are the main stores. the nutrients are transported the most by fallout then uptake and deacy

26
Q

mineral extraction of svalbard

A

60% of the country is covered in glaciers, 300 people are in the mining industry,

27
Q

fishing in svalbard

A

norway claimed 200 nortical miles around Svalbard, in the barent sea is the richest in fish in the world, 2/3 of the UKs cod is from here, over 150 secies of fish

28
Q

energy development in svalbard

A

norway’s only coal mine is supplies the country with all its heat, per year 40 tonnes of co2 is used per year per person which is 4 times the amount in the uk, planningto used geothermal and carbon capture in the future

29
Q

tourism in svalbard

A

very fertile environment, growing- 130,000 guests in 2012, a museum which has 40,000 visitors per year

30
Q

What is off road driving and why is it bad

A

When tourists go off road to go fishing etc. This is bad because it destroys habitats

31
Q

How to stop oil leaks?

A

Maintain pipelines- add insulation so they don’t crack under heat of oil/ coldness if weather
Pipelines pass underneath ground- less risk of spill
Make pipeline supported off ground- so don’t break in earthquakes and migrating caribou can migrate underneath

32
Q

What is the trans Alaskan pipe line?

A

It allows oil to be transported 1300km from Prudhoe bay to the port of Valdez. Also when it’s hot which helps be oil flow the it can melt permafrost which can change ecosystem

33
Q

How are the US government managing cold environments?

A

By establishing the national environmental policy act making sure lorries protect the natural environment and recognise the rights of native people. Also the western arctic reserve- a 9 mil hectare protected wilderness. Which is home to thousands of caribou, millions of migrating birds, musk ox, wolves and polar bears. Also there is the national oceanic and atmospheric administration oversees and sustainable fisheries in Alaska and protects the marine habitats

34
Q

What is he Antarctic treaty?

A

It is an important international agreement where it shows the unity between the Antarctic and the USA.

35
Q

Polar bears that like on the northern coast of Alaska and western Canada

A

Their population have declined by 40% in 10 years