living world

Question 1

what is an ecosystem

Answer 1

a community of plants and animals that interact with eachothet and their eniviroment

Question 2

what does it mean if something is biotic

Answer 2

living

Question 3

what does it mean if something is abiotic

Answer 3

non living

Question 4

what is a producer

Answer 4

an organism that uses energy from the sun to create its own food

Question 5

what is a consumer

Answer 5

an organism that eats other things in order to get energy

Question 6

what is a decomposer

Answer 6

an organism that breaks down dead material to get energy

Question 7

what do decomposers release and where

Answer 7

nutrients , into the soil

Question 8

what are the nutrients taking up by

Answer 8

plants

Question 9

what leves of the food web/chain do decomposers operate at

Answer 9

all

Question 10

what is a food chain

Answer 10

the connections between different organisms that rely on one another as their source of food

Question 11

what is a food web

Answer 11

a complex hierarchy of plants and animals relying on each other for food

Question 12

what are components in an ecosystem

Answer 12

the abiotic and biotic things in the ecosystem

Question 13

what are some examples of components in an ecosystem

Answer 13

animals , plants , rainfall , soils

Question 14

how do the components interact with each other

Answer 14

plants use the soil to obtain nutrients, when the plant dies its leaves decompose and the nutrients return to the soil

Question 15

what will happen if there is a change to one component

Answer 15

it will have an impact on the rest of the ecosystem

Question 16

what is the climate like in tropical rainforests

Answer 16

warm all year , rainfall all year - highest between january and april, lowest in august

Question 17

what is the soil like in tropical rainforests

Answer 17

very thin and low in nutrients as the plants take it up quickly , there is high iron content as rainfall removed nutrients

Question 18

what are plants like in tropical rainforests

Answer 18

dense vegetation - climate is perfect for photosynthesis

Question 19

what are animals like in tropical rainforests

Answer 19

lots of species as vegetation layers create habitats and climate produces vegetation as food

Question 20

how do plants use buttress roots to adapt to physical conditions

Answer 20

support tall emergent layer tress in shallow soils

Question 21

what do waxy leaves with drip tips do

Answer 21

rain can run off without damaging the ppant or creating standing water for fungi to grow in

Question 22

why do climbing plants climb high up

Answer 22

to reach more sunlight for photosynthesis

Question 23

why does gliding help animals

Answer 23

they can avoid the forest floor where there are predators

Question 24

what do they use to glide and what is an example

Answer 24

flaps of skin , flying squirrels

Question 25

why do animals camouflage

Answer 25

to hide in vegetation

Question 26

what do nocturnal animals do and why

Answer 26

sleep in the day and active at night when its cooler , helps them save energy

Question 27

what is an example of a nocturnal animal

Answer 27

sloth

Question 28

why do animals swim

Answer 28

find new areas to hunt

Question 29

what is biodiversity

Answer 29

number of plangs and animals species living in an area

Question 30

why is biodiversity useful for humans

Answer 30

provides medicines and food

Question 31

what is the rate of deforestation

Answer 31

300 000km(2) per year

Question 32

how many causes of deforestation are there

Answer 32

7

Question 33

1. what is subsistence farming

Answer 33

type of agriculture producing food and materials for the benefit of only the farmer and his family - small areas of forest are cleared and the trees burnt

Question 34

2. what is commercial farming

Answer 34

farming to sell produce fora profit to retailers or food processing companies

Question 35

3. what is logging

Answer 35

cutting down trees and transporting the logs to sawmills - often done illegally

Question 36

4. what is settlement

Answer 36

when population increases - government offers poorer people in cities land in the rainforest

Question 37

5. what is road building

Answer 37

leads to increased illegal logging as more areas of the rainforest are made accessible

Question 38

6. what is mineral extraction

Answer 38

removal of solid mineral resources from the earth - leads to roads and settlement

Question 39

7. what is energy development

Answer 39

clearing land for hydro-electric power dams

Question 40

how does soil erosion impact the rainforest

Answer 40

trees removed- rainfall washes away nutrients through erosion and leaching

Question 41

how has deforestation impacted animals

Answer 41

habitats are lost and biodiversity decreases and animals become endangered

Question 42

3 values of rainforests to environment

Answer 42

1. carbon from trees help limit global warming 2. regulates the water cycle by storing and transferring water 3. habitats - over 50% of all species are found rainforests

Question 43

3 values of rainforests to people

Answer 43

1. home to indigenous communities 2. tourism 3. new medical resources using plant based medicine

Question 44

what is sustainable management

Answer 44

using the rainforest in a way that doesnt cause damage

Question 45

what is selective logging

Answer 45

cutting out trees whch are mature or inferior

Question 46

what is replanting

Answer 46

replacing habitats fhat have been destroyed

Question 47

what is convervation

Answer 47

managing the environment in order to preserve/ protect/ restore it

Question 48

what is education

Answer 48

charities raising awareness about the need to protect rainforest

Question 49

what is ecotourism

Answer 49

responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment

Question 50

what is international agreement

Answer 50

agreements between countries to protect the rainforest

Question 51

what is debt reduction

Answer 51

countries are relieved of some of their debt in return for protecting their rainforests

Question 52

how many plant adaptations are there for cold environments

Answer 52

4

Question 53

1. why are plants small and round

Answer 53

to survive high winds

Question 54

2. why do plants stop growing

Answer 54

to survive dark and cold winters

Question 55

3. why do the plants have shallow roots

Answer 55

thin soil and permafrost

Question 56

4. why are plants leaves small

Answer 56

reduce the amount of water lost through transpiration