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GEOGRAPHY > living with the physical environment (definitions) > Flashcards

living with the physical environment (definitions) Flashcards

1
Q

natural hazard

A

natural process which could cause death, injury or disruption to humans or destroy property and possessions

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2
Q

natural disaster

A

natural hazard that has actually happened (Tsunami of 2011)

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3
Q

geological hazard

A

caused by land and tectonic processes (volcanoes, landslides, earthquakes)

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4
Q

meteorological hazard

A

caused by weather and climate (tropical storms, heatwaves, cold spells)

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5
Q

vulnerability

A

more people in an area exposed to natural hazards, greater the probability they will be affected by natural hazards

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6
Q

capacity to cope

A

better a population can cope with extreme event, lower risk of them being severely affected

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7
Q

frequency

A

natural hazards that occur more often may carry a higher risk

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8
Q

magnitude

A

more severe natural hazards tend to have the greatest effects.

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9
Q

primary effects

A

immediate impacts caused by the natural hazard

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10
Q

secondary effects

A

happen later on, a result of primary effects.

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11
Q

immediate response

A

response in the days and weeks immediately after a disaster has happened
(involve search and rescue and helping the injured)

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12
Q

long-term responses

A

consist of rebuilding and repairing damaged and destroyed objects over a few months or years (buildings, roads, communications connections)

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13
Q

destructive margins

A

tension builds when two plates move towards each other. oceanic plate is sub ducted under continental plate into mantle and destroyed. creates gas magma. volcanoes occur.

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14
Q

constructive margins

A

tension builds when two plates moving away from each other. magma rises from mantle to fill gap, cools and creates new crust

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15
Q

conservative margins

A

tension builds when two plates moving sideways past each other or moving in same direction but at different speeds. crust isn’t destroyed or created

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16
Q

pyroclastic flows

A

superheated currents of gas, ash and rock

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17
Q

global atmospheric circulation

A

transfer of heat from equator to the poles by movement of air

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18
Q

tropical storms

A

low pressure weather systems with intense rain and winds

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19
Q

carbon capture

A

designed to reduce emissions and capture CO2 and transport it to be stored deep underground

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20
Q

managing water supply

A

dry areas are getting drier, more water shortages.

water meters installed in homes to stop huge amounts of water being used

rainwater can be recycled

21
Q

coping with rising sea levels

A

have better flood warning systems like flood barriers

22
Q

producer

A

uses sunlight energy to produce food (grass)

23
Q

consumer

A

gets energy by eating other organisms (rabbit)

24
Q

decomposer

A

organisms that gets energy by breaking down dead material (animal remains, fallen leaves)

25
Q

biodiversity

A

variety of organisms living in a particular area

26
Q

500 killed

27
Q

12,000 injured

28
Q

220,000 homes destroyed

29
Q

4500 schools destroyed

30
Q

$30 billion in damage

31
Q

Santiago Airport damaged

32
Q

key roads repaired in 24 hours

33
Q

$60 billion spent on 30,000 wooden shelters

34
Q

roads damaged by landslides

35
Q

coastal towns destroyed by tsunamis

36
Q

4 year reconstruction plan for 200,000 houses

37
Q

9,000 killed

38
Q

20,000 injured

39
Q

$5 billion in damage

40
Q

Helicopters flew in supplies

41
Q

communities cut off by landslides

42
Q

Avalanches on Everest killed 19 people’s

43
Q

Avalanches blocking rivers caused flooding

44
Q

British army helped repair roads and clear avalanches

45
Q

New education programme to educate children on earthquake preparation

46
Q

earthquake of 7.9 magnitude

47
Q

earthquake of 8.8 magnitude

48
Q

HIC

49
Q

LIC

GEOGRAPHY (2 decks)

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