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GEOGRAPHY > challenge in the human environment (definitions) > Flashcards

challenge in the human environment (definitions) Flashcards

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1
Q

push factor

A

motivates people to leave a place

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2
Q

pull factor

A

motivates people to go to a city for better opportunities

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3
Q

urbanisation

A

the increasing percentage of population who live in towns and cities

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4
Q

natural increase

A

when the birth rate is higher than the death rate which causes rapid population increase

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5
Q

dereliction

A

abandoned buildings and wastelands

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6
Q

urban deprivation

A

when standards of living and access to services are lower than normal

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7
Q

deindustrialization

A

decline of a country’s traditional manufacturing industry due to exhaustion of raw materials, loss of markets and overseas competition

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8
Q

megacity

A

a city with a population of over 10 million people

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9
Q

Counter urbanisation

A

people moving from urban areas (city) to rural areas (countryside)

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10
Q

urban sprawl

A

the unplanned growth of urban areas into the surrounding countryside

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11
Q

commuter settlement

A

people move out of the town or city altogether and commute to work

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12
Q

waste disposal

A

city’s population increases, more waste produced but less space to store it

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13
Q

urban regeneration

A

redevelopment of urban areas to improve physical environment and quality of life for residents

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14
Q

rural-urban fringe

A

a zone of transition on the edge of the city between the built up area and the countryside.

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15
Q

economic opportunities

A

chances for people to improve their standard of living through jobs and employment.

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16
Q

social opportunities

A

chances for people to improve their quality of life, includes access to education and healthcare.

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17
Q

social deprivation

A

the degree to which people are deprived of services, decent housing, adequate income and local employment.

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18
Q

pollution

A

chemicals, noise, dirt and other substances which poison the environment.

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19
Q

waste recycling

A

process of extracting and reusing useful substances found in waste.

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20
Q

Traffic congestion

A

occurs when there is too great a volume of traffic for roads to cope with so traffic jams and traffic slows to a crawl.

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21
Q

Brownfield

A

building, better for environment but cost more.
Brownfield sites need to be cleared because of radiation caused by factories and power plants.

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22
Q

Greenfield

A

building on Greenfield sites destroys habitats

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23
Q

integrated transport systems

A

when different transport methods connect together which makes travelling smoother.
better integration should result in more demand for public transport and reduce private car use.

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24
Q

urban greening

A

process of increasing and preserving open spaces (public parks).

25
Q

rural- urban migration

A

the movement of people from the countryside into cities.

26
Q

push- social

A

poor services
lack of education
poor medical help

27
Q

pull- social

A

food
better services
better healthcare

28
Q

push- economic

A

unemployment
hazardous working conditions
poor pay

29
Q

pull- economic

A

quality of life
job opportunities
good pay

30
Q

push- political

A

war
persecution

31
Q

pull- political

A

democracy
freedom

32
Q

describe distribution of mega cities

A

most in Asia

33
Q

10million people

A

megacity

34
Q

1 million people

A

millionaire city

35
Q

more than X percent of world ‘s population lives in urban areas

A

50%

36
Q

rapid urbanisation in LICs and NEEs is fuelled by

A

natural increase
rural- urban migration

37
Q

informal sector

A

part of an economy that isn’t taxed or monitored by government.
activities of informal economy, not included in GDP of a country

38
Q

population density

A

measurement of number of people in an area.
calculated by dividing the number of people and in an area.

39
Q

liverpool facts

A

city in northwest England in county Lancashire
lies on north banks of River Mersey

40
Q

location advantage

A

allows to export goods and culture
makes a gateway between uk and rest of the world

41
Q

national migration in liverpool

A

welsh migrants arrived in 1700-1800 attracted by developing industry. (1813- 10% welsh)
ireland famine 1845-1850, 2 million irish migrants. (20% irish)
75% of liverpudlians have irish ancestory

42
Q

international migration in liverpool

A

ships arrive from around world bc docks built, 1715
home to first even china town in 1800
ethnic diverse city, 1 in 8 people from ethnic background

43
Q

challenges caused by urban change in Liverpool

A

urban deprivation
waste disposal
dereliction
education and employment
unhealthy lifestyle
housing inequality
brownfield vs greenfield

44
Q

housing inequality

A

regeneration increased inequality
wealthier areas have better healthcare and education
too expensive

45
Q

urban deprivation

A

industrial decline left areas most deprived in country
(Anfeild, Toxteth)

46
Q

unhealthy lifestyle

A

drinking, smoking and poor diet is more comment in deprived areas
(Knowsley life expectancy 15 years lower than average)

47
Q

social and economic opportunities

A
  • cultural mixing
  • recreation and entertainment
  • employment
  • integrated transport
48
Q

cultural mixing

A

ethnic diversity has brought a range of foods, festivals and cultural experiences to city.
attracts tourists

49
Q

recreation and entertainment

A

famous places in liverpool been regenerated to attract tourists and income.
Albert Dock and Echo Arena
£1 billion spent on regeneration city to increase tourist attraction

50
Q

integrated transport

A

all travel networks connected
prepaid cards can be used all across networks
makes easier to get around city
encourages public transport use

51
Q

employment

A

tourism and sectors off total of 160000 jobs
development of Baltic Triangle turned derelict areas into spaces for creative industries

52
Q

environmental opportunities

A

cycle/pedestrian routes
urban greening

53
Q

cycle/pedestrian routes

A

encourages people to get out of cars and help to reduce gas emissions

54
Q

regeneration in liverpool

A

Liverpool ONE
other projects
why needed?

55
Q

Liverpool ONE

A
  • £1 billion investment
    phase 1 opened may 2008
  • 2004 purchase of land, archeological digs
  • paradisest project rebranded in 2005
  • 160 stores, 600 residential units
56
Q

why is regeneration in liverpool needed?

A

1970s 50000 jobs lost
deindustrialization suffered badly
national image was poor in 1980s (rioting)
mass poverty
result of joining EU in 1973 countries uk traded with changed

57
Q

sustainability

A

actions that meet the needs of the present without reducing the ability of future generations to meet their needs

58
Q

sustainable urban strategies

A
  • reduce waste in water sources (rivers)
  • conserve culture history environments
  • use brownfield now green field
  • recycle and conserve water
    reduce fossil fuels
59
Q

traffic congestion

A
  • increases CO2 emissions lead to poor air quality
  • increases heath and breathing problems
  • causes death
  • buildings become less attractive, dirty

GEOGRAPHY (2 decks)

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