Living Organisms and Molecules Flashcards
Cells are made up of….
e.g. mitochondria
Organelles
Found within the organelles of the cell are
ex: inner and outer membranes
supramolecular assemblies
Each of the supramolecular assemblies is composed of particular ________ (such as the protein, cytochrome c) and lipids
Macromolecules
Put these in order of progression: organism, precursor molecule, macromolecule
Precursor, macromolecule, organism
The structural and functional units of all living organisms
Cells
The outer membrane of a cell that separates it from its environment
It is selectively permeable to what, which includes proteins which aid in its specific cell functions?
Plasma Membrane
This part of a cell contains genetic material (DNA) that’s stored and replicated here
Nucleus or Nucleioid
This part of the cell has aqueous cell contents, suspended particles and organelles enclosed by the plasma; contains metabolites, coenzymes, inorganic ions and enzymes
Cytoplasm
What are the two types of cells?
What groups do they divide into?
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes divide into bacteria and archea, eukaryotes don’t divide
This type of cell is a cell without a nuclear envelope, actually has a nucleoid. E. coli is the most commonly studied
Prokaryotes
This type of cell has a nuclear envelope
Eukaryotes
This type of prokaryote is found in soils, surface waters, and tissues of other living or decaying organisms
Bacteria
This type of prokaryote inhabits extreme environments such as salt lakes, hot springs and the ocean depths
Archea
The structures that make up a eukaryotic cell
are determined by the specific functions that
cell carries out. However, eukaryotic cells have
3 main components:
A cell membrane
A nucleus
Other organelles
The cell membrane is selectively permeable to different molecules by
Diffusion
______ in the membrane help actively transport material into and out of the cell
Proteins
Membrane functions are dependent upon the interactions between the ____ and _____ in the membrane
Lipids and Proteins
The membrane structure can be described as…
Fluid mosaic
_____ are formed from the membrane lipids such as a phospolipid molecule. Several lipid molecules come together in a packing arrangement to form it. Proteins are embedded within it
Lipid bilayers
The brain of the cell, it contains the information required to make most components of the cell
The Nucleus
The information in the nucleus is stored in the sequence of _______ found in ______
Nucleic acids found in chromosomes
These contain regulatory sequences involved in replication and transcription of DNA
Chromosomes
These maintain the life of a cell. A variety of membrane bound _____ with specific functions can be found in a eukaryotic cell
Organelles
Name 4 examples of membrane bound organelles with specific functions that are found in the cytoplasm of a cell
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Complexes
Lysosomes
Membrane bound organelles in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes that contain the enzymes required for the citric acid cycle, electron transfer, fatty acid oxidation, and oxidative phosphorylation
Mitochondria
This organelle has an inner and outer membrane, and functions as the power plant of the cell
Mitochondria
An organelle that is a system of membranous tubules and sacs which functions as an intercellular highway, cells can move from one part of the cell to another
Endoplasmic Reticulum
The ER connects the ____ to the ____
nuclear envelppe to the cell membrane
This type of ER processes lipids and carbohydrates
Smooth
This type of ER is covered with ribosomes and processes proteins to be exported from the cell
Rough
Small dots associated with the rough ER, may also be free in the cytosol.
Ribosomes
Composed of specialized nucleic acids and proteins which are involved in protein synthesis inside the cell.
Ribosomes
T/F Macromolecules are polymers
True
What is the monomer of protein
Of nucleic acids
Of polysaccharides
Amino Acid residues
nucleotides
Sugar residues
The repository of genetic information
deoxy-ribonucleic acid (DNA)
The amino acid sequence of every protein molecule and nucleotide sequence of of RNA molecule is determined by a _________ in the cell’s DNA
Nucleotide sequence
The transmitter of genetic information from the site of DNA to the site of protein biosynthesis
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Which has a broader range of functions, RNA or DNA?
RNA
