Living organisms

Question 1

Properties of Prokaryotes

Answer 1

-Oldest cell type
-Small & simple
-No nucleus
-Lack organelles
-Single-celled
-Single-circular chromosome

Question 2

4 types of eukaryotic organisms

Answer 2

-Animal
-Plant
-Fungi
-Protoctists

Question 3

3 differences between plant and animal cells

Answer 3

-Plants cells have a cell wall whereas animal cells do not
-Plant cells have a permanent vacuole whereas animals cells do not
-Plant cells have chloroplasts and are able to photosynthesize whereas animal cells do not

Question 4

8 characteristics all organisms share

Answer 4

-Movement
-Respiration
-Sensitivity
-Grow and repair
-Reproduce
-Excrete
-Nutrition
-Control internal conditions

Question 5

Similarities between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 5

-DNA
-Ribosomes
-Cytoplasm
-Plasma
-Membrane

Question 6

Properties of eukaryotes

Answer 6

-Evolved from prokayotes
-Larger & complex
-With nucleus
-Contains organelles
-Single celled or multicellular
-Multiple linear chromosomes

Question 7

Define Autotrophic nutrition

Answer 7

When an organism is able to create it’s own food

Question 8

Define Heterotrophic nutrition

Answer 8

When an organism depends on other organisms for nutrition

Question 9

Define Saprotrophic nutrition

Answer 9

When an organim digests food outside of its body

Question 10

Characteristics of animals

Answer 10

-Multicellular
-Heterotrophic
-No chloroplasts
-No cell wall
-Glycogen, Starch, Fiber

Question 11

Characteristics of plant cells

Answer 11

-Multicellular
-Autotrophic
-Has chloroplasts
-Has cell wall (cellulose)
-Cellulose, starch

Question 12

Characteristics of fungi

Answer 12

-Can be single or multi cellular
-Saprotrophic
-Has no chloroplasts
-Has a cell wall (chitin)
-Glycogen, Starch, Fiber
-Contain mycelium which is made of hyphae threads

Question 13

How do fungi feed?

Answer 13

Saprotrophic so they secrete enzymes that break down their food outside of their cells and then they absorb the nutrients

Question 14

Characteristics of protoctists

Answer 14

-Single celled
-Hetero and Autotrophic
-Depends on for chloroplasts and cell wall
-Mix of carbohydrates

Question 15

Examples of protoctists

Answer 15

chlorella, amoeba, malaria (plasmodium)

Question 16

Define ribosome

Answer 16

site of proteinsynthesis in the cell

Question 17

Features found in a plant and animal cell

Answer 17

-Cytoplasm
-Mitochondria
-Ribosomes
-Nucleus

Question 18

Features only found in a plant cell

Answer 18

-Vacuole
-Cell Wall
-Chloroplasts (Chlorophyll)

Question 19

Define differentiation in cells

Answer 19

When cells change to become specialised for a job
-occurs as they divide

Question 20

Features of a red blood cell

Answer 20

-Oxygen transport
-Large surface area
-No nucleus
-Lots of haemoglobin
-Biconcave

Question 21

Features of a nerve cell

Answer 21

-Transmits nerve impulses
-Long
-Connections at both ends
-Carry electrical signals

Question 22

Features of a Ciliated epithelial cell

Answer 22

-Cilia and goblet cell
-Moves mucus
-Hair like projections that waft mucus

Question 23

Features of a sperm cell

Answer 23

-Fuse with egg to produce zygote.
-Tail to swim
-Lots of mitochondria
-Has enzymes in its head
-Haploid

Question 24

Features of an egg cell

Answer 24

-Fuse with sperm to produce zygote
-Large
-Haploid

Question 25

Give 3 examples of viruses

Answer 25

-Tobacco mosaic virus
-Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
-Influenza

Question 26

Give 2 different species of bacteria

Answer 26

Lactobacillus bulgaricus
Pneumococcus

Question 27

Give 4 different types of pathogen

Answer 27

-Bacteria
-Fungi
-Viruses
-Protoctists

Question 28

Describe the structure of a virus

Answer 28

-Protein husk
-Contain nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)

Question 29

Define pathogen

Answer 29

A disease causing microorganism

Question 30

Features of bacterium

Answer 30

-Cell membrane
-Cell wall
-Cytoplasm
-Plasmid loops of DNA
-No nucleus