Living anatomy Flashcards
Which bones make up the upper abdominal border
Which bones make up the lower abdominal border
Upper: xiphoid process, 7th to 10th costal cartilages, and 11th and 12th floating ribs
Lower: iliac crest, ASIS, and pubic tubercle
What is the advantage of being able to palpate pubic tubercle
It allows you to predict one of the attachments for the inguinal ligament and therefore approximate location of the deep ring of the inguinal canal to inspect for hernias
The lateral border of rectus abdominis extends from where to where
Whats the name given to this lateral border
9th costal cartilage to pubic tubercle
Linea semilunaris
When dividing the abdomen into 4 quadrants, where do you typically draw an imaginary line
Where is this line in young adults?
Why is this line lower in elderly and babies?
Across umbilicus
L3/L4 level
In elderly it’s because of loss of abdominal muscle tone, and in babies it’s because of underdeveloped pelvis
When divining abdomen into 9 regions, what is the name of the 2 horizontal lines and what is the name of the 2 vertical lines
2 vertical: left and right midclavicular
2 horizontal: transpyloric and transtubercular
When dividing abdomen into 9 regions:
a) midclavicular lines extend from where to where
b) transpyloric plane is located between what and what, and at what level anteriorly and posteriorly
c) transtubercular plane is at the level of which bony landmarks and which vertebral level
a) midway from clavicle down to mid-inguinal point
b) jugular notch and pubic symphysis, anteriorly tip of 9th costal margin, posteriorly L1
c) at level of iliac tubercles and L5 vertebra
a) what is mcburneys point and what is its relevance
b) 6 causes of abdominal distension
c) what is involuntary abdominal guarding and what might the cause be
a) junction between lower and middle thirds of a line connecting ASIS to umbilicus
b) fluid, faeces, foetus, flatulence, fat, flipping great mass
c) inflamed abdominal organs reaching peritoneum causing peritonitis
