Dissection Flashcards
which nerves supply skin and muscle of anterior abdominal wall what is there vertebral origin
cutaneous nerves T7-T12/L1
Muscles of the anterolateral group do not reach the midsagittal line, instead they reach as far as which line? Past this line what is it that continues to the midsagittal line?
mid clavicular aponeuroses (thick white tendinous sheets)
aponeuroses interweave at the midline to form which structure? this structure extends from what to what body part? above the umbilicus, aponeuroses of all three anterolateral muscles surround the rectus abdominis muscle collectively as a structure called the ______ _____
linea alba xiphoid process to pubic symphysis rectus sheath
external oblique insertion and origin and movement
origin: outer surface of lower 8 ribs insertion: linea alba, anterior part of iliac crest, pubic tubercle action: ipsilateral movement and opposite side movement
the inferior border of the aponeurosis of external oblique is attached to the which two structures? between these two points, the aponeurosis thickens and folds in on itself, forming: _______ ________
ASIS and pubic tubercle inguinal ligament
slightly lateral to the pubic tubercle, aponeurotic fibres of external oblique diverge to form a triangular gap called what? How can this structure be palpated in males?
superficial inguinal ring invaginating skin of scrotum upwards and laterally
internal oblique insertion, origin and movement
insertion: costal margin, linea alba, crest pubic bone origin: lateral 1/3 inguinal ligament, anterior 2/3 iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia action: ipsilateral movement (one sided), compress viscera, rotate trunk
what is the conjoint tendon
internal oblique fibres are joined by fibres of transversus abdominis muscle and insert onto the crest of the pubic bone
transversus abdominis origin, insertion and action
origin: lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament, internal surface lower 6 ribs, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia insertion: linea alba, crest of pubic bone action: compress viscera
rectus abdominis origin, insertion, action
origin: pubic symphysis and crest insertion: xiphoid process, 5th to 7th costal cartilages action: abdominal crunch
what happens to rectus sheath below umbilicus level aka the arcuate line
all three layers of aponeuroses join together and pass infront of the rectus abdominis only, instead of enclosing it
superior epigastric arteries are a continuation of which arteries? inferior epigastric arteries, running deep to the conjoint tendon and medial to deep inguinal ringt, originate from which vessels?
internal thoracic external iliac vessels
once you have reflected all abdominal muscular layers, which layer of fascia do you meet?
transversalis fascia
the inguinal canal: floor anterior wall posterior wall roof
floor: medial half of inguinal ligament anterior wall: fibres of external oblique posterior wall: transversalis fascia roof: arched fibres of internal oblique and transversus abdominis
superficial inguinal ring location deep inguinal ring location
superficial: just superior to pubic tubercle deep: midway between ASIS and pubic tubercle
direct inguinal hernia vs indirect
direct: hernia protrudes through a weakened conjoint tendon to appear at the superficial inguinal ring. indirect: passes along length on inguinal canal both make their appearance in the tissues of scrotum
greater omentum attachments
apron like structure attached to lower border of stomach and descends over small intestine, reaching as low as pelvis, before turning in on itself and ascending to transverse colon
mesentery of small intestine connects what to where, and what is its root
jejunum and ileum are connected to posterior abdominal wall by fan shaped mesentery. root of this fan is from a line that runs from duodenal-jejunal flexure down to ileocaecal junction
what is epiploic foramen
communication between greater and lesser sac
name of flexure between asc and transv colon name of flexure between transv and descending colon
right colic or hepatic flexure left colic or splenic
large intestine is divided into 3 bands known as what?
taenia coli haustrations and fat filled tags called appendices epiploicae
position of pylorus
lays in transpyloric plane, just right to the midline
the lesser curvature of stomach runs between what and what the greater curvature of stomach extends from where to where
cardial orifice and pylorus from fundus to pylorus
4 divisions of stomach
the cardia (surrounds cardial orifice) the fundus: dilated superior part of stomach to left of cardial orifice body: major part of stomach between fundus and pylorus pyloric part: narrower and funnel shaped
why is pylorus thicker compared to other regions of stomach
presence of a circular muscle, the pyloric sphincter
remember this
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which landmark can you use to locate the superior mesenteric artery
what are some of its branches
it crosses duodenal-jejunal junction
jejunal, ileal (both left side branches)
ileocolic (appendix cecum and ileum), right colic joins middle colic to supply transverse colon, branching from right side
where does inferior mesenteric artery branch
it runs downwards and laterally towards left iliac fossa, where it branches into which arteries/ what do they supply
L2/L3
Left colic artery supplies distal part of transv and descend colon
sigmoid arteries supply sigmoid colon
superior rectal artery supplies mucosa of entire rectum but only upper two thirds of muscular wall, the rest being suppled by middle and inferior rectal arteries through branches of internal iliac artery
