Dissection

Question 1

which nerves supply skin and muscle of anterior abdominal wall what is there vertebral origin

Answer 1

cutaneous nerves T7-T12/L1

Question 2

Muscles of the anterolateral group do not reach the midsagittal line, instead they reach as far as which line? Past this line what is it that continues to the midsagittal line?

Answer 2

mid clavicular aponeuroses (thick white tendinous sheets)

Question 3

aponeuroses interweave at the midline to form which structure? this structure extends from what to what body part? above the umbilicus, aponeuroses of all three anterolateral muscles surround the rectus abdominis muscle collectively as a structure called the ______ _____

Answer 3

linea alba xiphoid process to pubic symphysis rectus sheath

Question 4

external oblique insertion and origin and movement

Answer 4

origin: outer surface of lower 8 ribs insertion: linea alba, anterior part of iliac crest, pubic tubercle action: ipsilateral movement and opposite side movement

Question 5

the inferior border of the aponeurosis of external oblique is attached to the which two structures? between these two points, the aponeurosis thickens and folds in on itself, forming: _______ ________

Answer 5

ASIS and pubic tubercle inguinal ligament

Question 6

slightly lateral to the pubic tubercle, aponeurotic fibres of external oblique diverge to form a triangular gap called what? How can this structure be palpated in males?

Answer 6

superficial inguinal ring invaginating skin of scrotum upwards and laterally

Question 7

internal oblique insertion, origin and movement

Answer 7

insertion: costal margin, linea alba, crest pubic bone origin: lateral 1/3 inguinal ligament, anterior 2/3 iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia action: ipsilateral movement (one sided), compress viscera, rotate trunk

Question 8

what is the conjoint tendon

Answer 8

internal oblique fibres are joined by fibres of transversus abdominis muscle and insert onto the crest of the pubic bone

Question 9

transversus abdominis origin, insertion and action

Answer 9

origin: lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament, internal surface lower 6 ribs, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia insertion: linea alba, crest of pubic bone action: compress viscera

Question 10

rectus abdominis origin, insertion, action

Answer 10

origin: pubic symphysis and crest insertion: xiphoid process, 5th to 7th costal cartilages action: abdominal crunch

Question 11

what happens to rectus sheath below umbilicus level aka the arcuate line

Answer 11

all three layers of aponeuroses join together and pass infront of the rectus abdominis only, instead of enclosing it

Question 12

superior epigastric arteries are a continuation of which arteries? inferior epigastric arteries, running deep to the conjoint tendon and medial to deep inguinal ringt, originate from which vessels?

Answer 12

internal thoracic external iliac vessels

Question 13

once you have reflected all abdominal muscular layers, which layer of fascia do you meet?

Answer 13

transversalis fascia

Question 14

the inguinal canal: floor anterior wall posterior wall roof

Answer 14

floor: medial half of inguinal ligament anterior wall: fibres of external oblique posterior wall: transversalis fascia roof: arched fibres of internal oblique and transversus abdominis

Question 15

superficial inguinal ring location deep inguinal ring location

Answer 15

superficial: just superior to pubic tubercle deep: midway between ASIS and pubic tubercle

Question 16

direct inguinal hernia vs indirect

Answer 16

direct: hernia protrudes through a weakened conjoint tendon to appear at the superficial inguinal ring. indirect: passes along length on inguinal canal both make their appearance in the tissues of scrotum

Question 17

greater omentum attachments

Answer 17

apron like structure attached to lower border of stomach and descends over small intestine, reaching as low as pelvis, before turning in on itself and ascending to transverse colon

Question 18

mesentery of small intestine connects what to where, and what is its root

Answer 18

jejunum and ileum are connected to posterior abdominal wall by fan shaped mesentery. root of this fan is from a line that runs from duodenal-jejunal flexure down to ileocaecal junction

Question 19

what is epiploic foramen

Answer 19

communication between greater and lesser sac

Question 20

name of flexure between asc and transv colon name of flexure between transv and descending colon

Answer 20

right colic or hepatic flexure left colic or splenic

Question 21

large intestine is divided into 3 bands known as what?

Answer 21

taenia coli haustrations and fat filled tags called appendices epiploicae

Question 22

position of pylorus

Answer 22

lays in transpyloric plane, just right to the midline

Question 23

the lesser curvature of stomach runs between what and what the greater curvature of stomach extends from where to where

Answer 23

cardial orifice and pylorus from fundus to pylorus

Question 24

4 divisions of stomach

Answer 24

the cardia (surrounds cardial orifice) the fundus: dilated superior part of stomach to left of cardial orifice body: major part of stomach between fundus and pylorus pyloric part: narrower and funnel shaped

Question 25

why is pylorus thicker compared to other regions of stomach

Answer 25

presence of a circular muscle, the pyloric sphincter

Question 26

remember this

Question 27

remember this

Question 28

remember this

Question 29

which landmark can you use to locate the superior mesenteric artery

what are some of its branches

Answer 29

it crosses duodenal-jejunal junction

jejunal, ileal (both left side branches)

ileocolic (appendix cecum and ileum), right colic joins middle colic to supply transverse colon, branching from right side

Question 30

where does inferior mesenteric artery branch

it runs downwards and laterally towards left iliac fossa, where it branches into which arteries/ what do they supply

Answer 30

L2/L3

Left colic artery supplies distal part of transv and descend colon

sigmoid arteries supply sigmoid colon

superior rectal artery supplies mucosa of entire rectum but only upper two thirds of muscular wall, the rest being suppled by middle and inferior rectal arteries through branches of internal iliac artery