Liver Tumors Flashcards

1
Q

What are the most common liver tumors in children <3 years of age?

A

Hepatoblastomas

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2
Q

What tumor marker should be checked in all children with liver tumors?

A

AFP

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3
Q

What is the most common benign liver tumor?

A

Hemangioendothelioma

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4
Q

What is the natural course of hemangioendotheliomas?

A

These lesions eventually regress spontaneously.

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5
Q

Under what conditions would hemangioendotheliomas require treatment?

A

If the lesion is symptomatic and unresectable, or if there is an associated consumption coagulopathy, treatment may be pursued.

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6
Q

What is the most common primary malignant liver tumor?

A

Hepatoblastoma

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7
Q

Which children are at higher risk for development of hepatoblastoma?

A

Premature infants and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome.

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8
Q

What tumor marker is elevated in patients with hepatoblastoma?

A

AFP

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9
Q

What is the typical treatment for hepatoblastoma?

A

Resection is recommended upfront if possible. Chemotherapy, additional surgery, and transplant depend on risk group.

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10
Q

What are the chemotherapeutic agents most commonly used in the treatment of hepatoblastoma?

A

Cisplatin, fluorouracil, and vincristine.

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11
Q

When would liver transplant be indicated in a child with hepatoblastoma?

A

Transplant is necessary if a complete resection is not possible after multiple rounds of chemotherapy.

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12
Q

What infections increase the risk for development of hepatocellular carcinoma?

A

Hepatitis B and C

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13
Q

Which liver tumor is the 2nd most common primary liver malignancy and most common in children >3 years of age?

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

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14
Q

What liver tumor is most likely in a child <6 months old who presents with multiple liver lesions and a normal AFP?

A

Hemangioendothelioma

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15
Q

What liver tumor is most likely in a 2 year old ex-premature infant with a liver mass and significantly elevated AFP?

A

Hepatoblastoma

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16
Q

What liver tumor is most likely in an 8 year old with a solitary liver mass and an elevated AFP?

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

17
Q

What liver tumor is most likely in an adolescent female on oral contraceptives presenting with a hepatic mass?

A

Adenoma

18
Q

How does an adenoma classically present in adolescent females?

A

Adolescent females on OCPs will present with a solitary hepatic mass.

19
Q

Name four benign liver tumors.

A

Hemangioendothelioma, mesenchymal hamartoma, focal nodular hyperplasia, and liver cell adenoma.

20
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis in children <2 years old with a hepatic mass and a normal AFP?

A

Hemangioendothelioma

21
Q

What is the most likely etiology of metastatic disease to the liver in children <2 years of age?

A

Neuroblastoma

22
Q

What are the (3) most likely etiologies of metastatic disease to the liver in older children?

A

Lymphoma, sarcoma, or Wilms tumor.