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Systems 2A Alimentary > Liver Structure and Function > Flashcards

Liver Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

In which quadrant is the liver the located?

A
  • right upper quadrant
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2
Q

Which large muscle sits above the liver?

A
  • the diaphragm
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3
Q

True or False?

The liver has four major lobes.

A

False

The liver has two major lobes and two minor lobes.

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4
Q

Name the four lobes of the liver.

A
  • right
  • left
  • caudate
  • quadrate
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5
Q

Which main vein and artery supply the liver?

A
  • hepatic artery

- hepatic portal vein

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6
Q

State the lymphatic supply of the liver.

A
  • via left and right hepatic ducts that then drain into the common hepatic duct
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7
Q

Where does nerve supply of the liver originate?

A
  • hepatic nerve plexus
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8
Q

What joins the hepatic duct and which ducts arise from them?

A
  • cystic duct from the gallbladder joins the hepatic duct

- they form the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct

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9
Q

What runs between the right and left lobes of the liver?

A
  • the round ligament
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10
Q

Which ligament surrounds the bare area and what is its function?

A
  • coronary ligament

- where the liver attaches to the underside of the diaphragm

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11
Q

What covers the branching network of septa into the liver? State where this network originates.

A
  • connective tissue capsule

- at the porta

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12
Q

True or False?

The septa divide into hexagonal lobules.

A

True

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13
Q

What makes up the portal triad?

A
  • hepatic portal vein
  • hepatic artery
  • hepatic duct
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14
Q

Where are the portal triads located?

A
  • at each corner of the hexagonal lobules
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15
Q

What travels at the centre of each lobule?

A
  • central veins
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16
Q

Where do the central veins drain?

A
  • into the hepatic veins and then into the inferior vena cava
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17
Q

Which structures radiate out from the central vein?

A
  • hepatic cords
18
Q

What are the hepatic cords composed of?

A
  • hepatocytes
19
Q

Describe the bile canaliculus and state where you would find them.

A
  • cleft-like lumen

- lie within each hepatic cord

20
Q

What are the spaces between the hepatic cords called?

A
  • hepatic sinusoids
21
Q

What are hepatic sinusoids?

A
  • discontinuous capillaries
22
Q

What is the function of the hepatic sinusoids?

A
  • they allow dead blood cells the filter out of the system
23
Q

Describe the blood that runs through the portal system.

A
  • low oxygen

- high nutrient

24
Q

True of False?

The liver can store an unlimited amount of glycogen.

A

False.

The liver can only store a certain amount of glycogen (around 18miles)

25
Q

State the alimentary role of the liver.

A
  • the production and secretion of bile
26
Q

Name the five components of bile.

A
  • bile acids
  • lecithin
  • cholesterol
  • bile pigments
  • toxic metals
  • bicarbonate
27
Q

What is the only component of bile that is not secreted by hepatocytes.

A
  • bicarbonate
28
Q

How are bile pigments formed?

A
  • they are formed from the breakdown products of haemoglobin from old or damaged erythrocytes
29
Q

Name the predominant bile pigment.

A
  • bilirubin
30
Q

True or False?

Bilirubin can be extracted from the blood by hepatocytes.

A

True.

It is then secreted into bile.

31
Q

What colour of bile does bilirubin produce?

A
  • yellow
32
Q

Explain why faeces is usually brown.

A
  • bilirubin that is not extracted by hepatocytes continue into the intestines
  • here they are modified by bacterial enzymes
  • this leads them to form brown pigments
33
Q

Explain why urine is usually yellow.

A
  • bilirubin that is reabsorbed maintains its yellow pigment and is excreted in urine
34
Q

How do bile acids become bile salts? How does this affect solubility?

A
  • they are conjugated with glycine or taurine

- this increases solubility

35
Q

Through which system are bile salts recycled?

A
  • enterohepatic circulation
36
Q

Describe the gallbladder.

A
  • sac-like structure
  • lies of the inferior surface of the liver
  • has folded rugae
37
Q

To reach the common bile duct, through which duct must gallbladder secretions travel?

A
  • the cystic duct
38
Q

What structure controls bile secretion?

A
  • the sphincter of Oddi
39
Q

What happens the bile when the sphincter of Oddi contracts?

A
  • the bile is forced back into the gallbladder
40
Q

True or False?

The gallbladder concentrates all bile 15 times.

A

False.
The gallbladder concentrates bile between 5 and 20 times. The number of times depends on how long each period of time is between fatty meals.

41
Q

Explain how bile is secreted.

A
  • presence of fat in the duodenum triggers the release of CCK
  • this triggers the relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi
  • it also triggers the contraction of the gallbladder
  • this forces bile out of the sphincter of Oddi

Systems 2A Alimentary (8 decks)

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