Liver Structure And Function Flashcards
What are the 2 major and minor lobes of liver
Major: right and left
Minor: caudate and quadrate
Which artery and vein supply liver
Hepatic artery
Hepatic portal vein
What do the right and left hepatic duct combine to form
Common hepatic duct
The common hepatic duct is joined by cystic duct to form ….. + ….. and empties into the …..
Common bile duct + pancreatic duct and empties into the sphincter of oddi then into the duodenum via the ampulla of vater
What is the allimentary role of liver
Production & secretion of bile
What are the 6 components of bile (where are they produced)
Bile acids (liver)
Lecithin (liver)
Cholesterol (liver)
Bile pigments (bilirubin - from haemoglobin)
Toxic metals (detoxified in liver)
Bicarbonate (secreted by duct cells for neutralisation of acid chyme)
Where do bile pigments come from
Breakdown products of haemoglobin from old/damaged erythrocytes
What is the predominant bile pigment, what colour is this
Bilirubin - fluorescent yellow
What happens to bilirubin when it passes into small and large intestine
Modified by enzymes turning the pigment brown (this is why poo is brown)
What happens to the bilirubin that’s reabsorbed
Excreted in urine (this is why urine is yellow)
Why are bile acids conjugated with glycine or taurine
To create bile salts which increases solubility
Explain the pathway of the enterohepatic circulation in terms of reabsorption of bile salts
Liver —> bile duct —> duodenum —> ileum —> hepatic portal vein —> back to liver
What is the function of the gall bladder
Extract water from bile by absorbing Na+ (water follows) in order to concentrate the bile (5-20 times more concentrated)
What duct connects the gallbladder to common bile duct
Cystic duct
What does the sphincter of oddi do
Control the release of bile and pancreatic juice into duodenum
What happens when fat is detected in duodenum
CCK released
What is the effect of CCK on the gall bladder and sphincter of oddi
Sphincter of oddi relaxes (opens up)
Gallbladder contracts
Allows for discharge of pancreatic enzymes and bile (for fat solubilisation) into the duodenum
Summarise the role of secretin (stimulus, impact on: gastric acid secretion, gastric emptying, duodenal/pancreatic/bile duct HCO3 secretion)
Ultimate effect
Ultimate effect: neutralisation (negative feedback system as this stops the stimulus of acid in duodenum)
Summarise the role of CCK (stimulus, impact on: gastric emptying, pancreatic enzyme excretion, gallbladder contraction, relaxation of sphincter of oddi)
Ultimate effect
Ultimate effect: digestion
