Liver Regeneration Flashcards

1
Q

What are the steps of hepatocyte proliferation in the liver ?

A
  • Initiation: Liver injury triggers the release of cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) from Kupffer cells.
  • Priming: Transcription factors (NF-κB and STAT3) activate immediate-early genes.
  • Proliferation: Growth factors (HGF and EGF) stimulate cell cycle entry and progression, leading to DNA replication and mitosis.
  • Termination: Proliferation signals diminish, and hepatocytes return to a quiescent state.
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2
Q

What is liver failure ?

A

The functional liver volume is insufficient to fulfil the phyiological demands of the organism

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3
Q

What are the 3 types of liver failure?

A
  • Acute liver failure : drug induced (paracetamol), viral (hepatitis virus) : 45% mortality without transplant
  • Post-hepatectomy liver failure : residual liver volume is under 40% if cirrhotic (scarred tissue) or under 20% if non cirrhotic. Less than 50% mortality rate without transplant
    -Small-for-size syndrome : Graft volume under 40% of standard liver volume = 60% mortality rate
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4
Q

3 liver zonations ?

A
  • Periportal zone 1 : HC receive blood enriched in O2/nutrients : controls glycogen metabolism
  • Intermediate perivenous zone 2 : xenobiotic metabolism
  • Perivenous zone 3 : glycogen synthesis
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5
Q

What are the roles of liver endothelial sinusoidal cells (LSEC) ?

A
  • Open pores (fenestrations) for free transfer of fluid, ions, nutrients
  • Modulate the immune surveillance in liver
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6
Q

LSEC therapeutic potential ?

A
  • ## Enhancing LSEC angiocrine activities could potentially accelerate liver regeneration
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