Liver Regeneration Flashcards
1
Q
What are the steps of hepatocyte proliferation in the liver ?
A
- Initiation: Liver injury triggers the release of cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) from Kupffer cells.
- Priming: Transcription factors (NF-κB and STAT3) activate immediate-early genes.
- Proliferation: Growth factors (HGF and EGF) stimulate cell cycle entry and progression, leading to DNA replication and mitosis.
- Termination: Proliferation signals diminish, and hepatocytes return to a quiescent state.
2
Q
What is liver failure ?
A
The functional liver volume is insufficient to fulfil the phyiological demands of the organism
3
Q
What are the 3 types of liver failure?
A
- Acute liver failure : drug induced (paracetamol), viral (hepatitis virus) : 45% mortality without transplant
- Post-hepatectomy liver failure : residual liver volume is under 40% if cirrhotic (scarred tissue) or under 20% if non cirrhotic. Less than 50% mortality rate without transplant
-Small-for-size syndrome : Graft volume under 40% of standard liver volume = 60% mortality rate
4
Q
3 liver zonations ?
A
- Periportal zone 1 : HC receive blood enriched in O2/nutrients : controls glycogen metabolism
- Intermediate perivenous zone 2 : xenobiotic metabolism
- Perivenous zone 3 : glycogen synthesis
5
Q
What are the roles of liver endothelial sinusoidal cells (LSEC) ?
A
- Open pores (fenestrations) for free transfer of fluid, ions, nutrients
- Modulate the immune surveillance in liver
6
Q
LSEC therapeutic potential ?
A
- ## Enhancing LSEC angiocrine activities could potentially accelerate liver regeneration