Liver Patho Flashcards
liver length > ___ cm is hepatomegaly
15.5 cm in superior / inferior dimension
______ is inferior projection of RLL. It is more common in ____ population.
How do you rule out hepatomegaly in this case
Riedel’s lobe, more common in female pop.
if the left lobe is not enlarged and in TRV the right lobe goes over the kidneys and tapers to triangular point.
normal liver echotexture is _____-
and slight more ______ than renal cortex
homogeneous
hyper - echoic
echogenisity measures
signal amp
name structures in descending echogenisity :
Renal sinus
Pancreas
Spleen / Liver
Renal Cortex
What appears as small calcific lesions on liver and spleen
what causes the lesions
granulomas
macrophages
what causes granulomas
histoplasmosis / Tuberculosis
what is histoplasmosis caused by
spores that float in the air,
the fungus grows in bird droppings of birds or bats
FUNGUS
what is liver inflammation resulting form infection (viral,bacterial,fungal,parasitic org OR non infections toxins)
Hepatitis
What labs are raised in Hepatitis
AST - detects acute hep before jaundice (assoc with acute,, not good for chronic)
ALT - raises higher than AST (with hep) and takes 3mo to drop back down (otherwise used to assess jaundice)
which can be raised with hepatitis conjugated or unconjugated bilirubin ?
both
what is the route of transmission for
HEP A
HEP B
HEP C
A- fecal
B- blood/ body fluids
C- blood/ body fluids
what is the most common cause for chirosis in the united states (common indication for liver transplant)
HEP C
what are two sonographic signs for ACUTE Hepatitis
what does it look like ?
starry night
periportal cuffing
hypo echoic liver
hepatomegaly
hyper echoic portal vein walls
sonographic appearance of chronic hepatitis
hyperechoic liver parenchyma
small liver
decreased echo’s of PV walls
