Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

M16: Alimentary > Liver disease > Flashcards

Liver disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with congenital disease?

A

Seizures, head pressing, ataxia, depression, circling, blindness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with acquired disease?

A

Hepatic encephalopathy, jaundice, PUPD, v+, d+, ascites, weight loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the causes of secondary hepatopathies?

A

Heart failure, seizure, sx, shock, anaemia, sepsis, GI dz, corticosteroids, phenobarbitone, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, Addisons, Cushings, diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the indications for biopsy?

A

In primary disease of unknown aetiology. W/o a biopsy a definitive dx cannot be made. always give vit K prior to biopsy. Contraindicated in animals with coagulopathy. Trucut/FNA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the composition of ascitic fluid?

A

Transudate - modified transudate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does bilirubin act as a marker of liver damage?

A

Causes jaundice
Prehepatic - haemolysis (low PCV)
Hepatic - intrahepatic liver disease (inflammation or fibrosis) causing occlusion of the bile ducts
Posthepatic - bile duct/gall bladder obstruction (pancreatitis, extra-hepatic biliary obstruction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the indicators of liver damage?

A

Enzymes (ALT, AST, ALPp, GGT) and bilirubin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the indicators of liver function?

A

Ammonia, albumin, glucose, bile acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why are bile acids used as a marker for disease?

A

Dx pre-hepatic jaundice. In hepatic and post-hepatic disease bile acid levels increase prior to jaundice so is not a useful measurement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the BAST

A
  1. starve animal for 12hrs, take a blood
  2. feed a fatty meal to induce bile acid production
  3. take another sample after 2hrs
    If pre > post could mean bile acids were released in anticipation of food/lab/error/delayed gastric emptying
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why do bile acids increase?

A

Due to liver failure, inability to uptake them from circulation. Overwhelmed/too much produced.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why is ammonia used as a marker for liver function?

A

Generated in the GIT and normally cleared in the liver.
Increase suggests the liver is not functioning properly as is unable to detoxify it. Could indicate function failure or PSS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why is albumin used as a marker for liver function?

A

Albumin is produced by the liver.
Hypoalbuminaemia occurs when more than 66% of liver function is lost. So a small decrease can be significant.
Ascites occurs when albumin is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why is glucose used as a marker for liver function?

A

It is a ddx for hepatic encephalpathy.
Hypo is uncommon in dogs but can be due to shunts/severe acute liver failure, hyper is common in cats and is usually due to stress.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What other additional tests could be carried out?

A

Haematology - non-specific changes, mild non-regenerative anaemia and thrombocytopenia. PSS = microcytic hypochromic anaemia
Urinalysis - PD = low USG. Ammonium urate crystals can indicate PSS
Coagulation - liver produces all clotting factors except VIII, increased clotting times if > 70% factor depletion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the indications for Colchicine use?

A

Mod-marked fibrosis on biopsy. Antithrombotic. SE = bone marrow suppression, anorexia, d+

17
Q

What are the indications for corticosteroid (Prednisolone) use?

A

Anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, immunomodulatory.

Inflammation of unknown aetiology, chronic hepatitis, cholangitis in cats.

18
Q

When might Prednisolone be contraindicated?

A

Hepatic encephalopathy (catabolic, causes increased ammonia), portal hypertension/PSS, gastric ulceration, diabetic cats

19
Q

What is the MA and indications for using S-adenosylmethionine?

A

Glutathione precursor and contains vit E.
Stabilises membranes, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic
Acute toxic hepatopathies

20
Q

What are the indications for using vitamin E?

A

Anti-oxidant and anti-fibrotic

Chronic hepatopathies in dogs

21
Q

What is the MA and indications for using ursodeocycholic acid?

A

Synthetic hyrophillic bile acid.
Promotes bile flow, reduces hydrophobic bile salt production, anti-apoptotic effects on neurones, hepatocytes, enterocytes and cardiomyocytes, immunomodulatory.
Synergistic with SAM-e
Hepatic jaundice

22
Q

What are the indications for n-acetylcysteine?

A

Increases hepatic blood flow

Any acute hepatopathy

23
Q

What are the indications for Silymarin?

A

Anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatry, Anti-oxidant

beneficial effects are unclear

24
Q

What are the indications for vit K?

A

Fat soluble vitamin, requires bile acids to be absorbed.
Activates factor VII
Hepatic and post-hepatic jaundice
Give prior to every biopsy, even if PT is normal.

M16: Alimentary (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions