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Gastroenterology > Liver disease > Flashcards

Liver disease Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of cirrhosis

A

Alcohol, Hepatitis, Non-alcoholic steatosis, PSC, PBC, Autoimmune hepatitis, Wilson’s disease, Haemochromatosis, Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, Amiodarone, Methyldopa, Methotrexate, Blood transfusions

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2
Q

Drugs that can cause cirrhosis

A

Amiodarone, Methyldopa, Methotrexate, Alcohol

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3
Q

Sequelae of cirrhosis

A

Liver failure, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Portal hypertension

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4
Q

Signs of liver disease

A

Spider naevi, Leukonychia, Clubbing, Dupuytren’s contracture

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5
Q

Investigations for cirrhosis

A

Bloods: FBC, LFTs, Clotting, Viral serology, Auto-antibodies

Liver biopsy, USS

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6
Q

Blood findings in cirrhosis

A

FBC: Low PLT, WCC, Ferritin
Clotting: Raised INR
LFTs: Elevated

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7
Q

Management of cirrhosis

A

Conservative: Avoid alcohol and NSAIDs, Lose weight
Medical: Spironolactone
Surgical: Transplantation

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8
Q

Pathology of primary sclerosing cholangitis

A

Fibrosis of the bile duct

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9
Q

Complications of primary sclerosing cholangitis

A

Cirrhosis, Cholangiocarcinoma, Hepatocellular carcinoma

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10
Q

Risk factors for primary sclerosing cholangitis

A

Male, Young, IBD

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11
Q

Symptoms of primary sclerosing cholangitis

A

Asymptomatic, Intermittent jaundice, Puritis, Abdominal pain

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12
Q

Signs of primary sclerosing cholangitis

A

Jaundice, Hepatomegaly

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13
Q

Investigations for primary sclerosing cholangitis

A

Bloods: LFTs, Antibodies

ERCP, Liver biopsy, Colonoscopy

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14
Q

Blood findings with primary sclerosing cholangitis

A

LFTs: Raised ALP, Bilirubin
Antibodies: ANA, SMA, ANCA, Immunoglobulins

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15
Q

Management of primary sclerosing cholangitis

A

Medical: Colestyramine, Ursodeoxycholic acid
Surgical: Endoscopic stenting, Transplant

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16
Q

Risk factors for primary biliary cirrhosis

A

Female, 50yr old

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17
Q

Pathology of primary biliary cirrhosis

A

Granulomatous inflammation of the bile ducts

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18
Q

Symptoms of primary biliary cirrhosis

A

Asymptomatic, Lethargy, Pruritis, Jaundice

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19
Q

Signs of primary biliary cirrhosis

A

Jaundice, Hepatosplenomegaly, Ascites, Xanthelasma, Xanthoma

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20
Q

Sequelae of primary biliary cirrhosis

A

Osteoporosis, Cirrhosis, Decreased vitamin absorption

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21
Q

Investigations for primary biliary cirrhosis

A

Bloods: LFTs, Antibodies

Liver biopsy

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22
Q

Blood findings with primary biliary cirrhosis

A

LFTs: Raised ALP, GGT, AST, ALT, Bilirubin
Antibodies: AMA, IgM

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23
Q

Management for primary biliary cirrhosis

A

Medical: Colestryramine, Ursodeoxycholic acid, Bisphosphinates
Surgical: Transplant

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24
Q

Risk factors for autoimmune hepatitis

A

Female, Under 50yrs

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25
Symptoms of autoimmune hepatitis
Asymptomatic, Jaundice, Decreased appetite, Abdominal pain
26
Signs of autoimmune hepatitis
Jaundice, Signs of liver disease
27
Investigations for autoimmune hepatits
Bloods: LFTs, Antibodies | Liver biopsy
28
Blood findings with autoimmune hepatitis
LFTs: Raised AST, ALT, ALP, Bilirubin Antibodies: ANA, SMA, IgG
29
Management of autoimmune hepatitis
Medical: Prednisolone, Azathioprine Surgical: Transplant
30
Pathology of haemochromatosis
Iron overload
31
Symptoms of haemochromatosis
Lethargy, Arthalgia, Diabetes, Cardiomyopathy, Hypogonadism, Osteoporosis
32
Signs of haemochromatosis
Grey skin, Hepatomegaly
33
Investigations for haemochromatosis
Bloods: LFTs, FBC, Glucose | Liver biopsy, Echocardiogram
34
Blood findings with haemochromatosis
LFTs: Raised ALT, AST FBC: Raised iron Raised glucose
35
Management of haemochromatosis
Conservative: Low iron diet Surgical: Venesection
36
Pathology of Wilson's disease
Copper overload
37
Symptoms of Wilson's disease
Hepatitis, Depression, Hypoparathyroidism, Tremor, Dysphagia, Dysarthria, Dementia, Ataxia
38
Investigations for Wilson's disease
24hr urine copper, Liver biopsy, MRI
39
Management of Wilson's disease
Conservative: Low copper diet Medical: Penicillamine Surgical: Transplant
40
Symptoms of Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency
SoB, Jaundice
41
Investigations for Alpha-1-antitypsin deficiency
Bloods: serum alpha-1-antitrypsin | Liver biopsy, Phenotyping
42
Management of Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency
COPD management, Liver transplant
43
Causes of liver failure
Hepatitis, Leptospirosis, Paracetamol, Isoniazaid, PSC, PBC, Haemochromatosis, Wilson's disease, Cirrhosis, Hepatocellular carcinoma
44
Sequelae of liver failure
Bleeding, Hypoglycaemia, Renal failure, Encephalopathy, Cerebral oedema
45
Symptoms of liver failure
RUQ pain, Nausea, Vomiting, Encephalopathy, Sequelae
46
Symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy
Mood changes, Drowsiness, Confusion, Coma
47
Signs of liver failure
Jaundice, Asterixis, Ascites, Signs of liver disease
48
Investigations for liver failure
Bloods: FBC, LFTs, Clotting, Glucose, Viral serology, Paracetamol CXR
49
Blood findings in liver failure
FBC: Infection, Low PLT LFTs: Deranged Clotting: Raised INR Glucose: Hypoglycaemia
50
Management of liver failure
Conservative: Fluid restriction Medical: Vitamin K, Dextrose, Mannitol, Regular laxatives
51
Common origins for liver metastases
Lung, Breast, Colon, Stomach
52
Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatitis, Cirrhosis, Afalatoxin, Anabolic steroids, Parasites
53
Symptoms of liver tumour
RUQ pain, Weight loss, Fever, Jaundice
54
Signs of liver tumour
Hepatomegaly, Jaundice, Ascites, Signs of liver disease
55
Investigations for liver tumours
Bloods: LFTs, FBC, U+Es, Clotting, Viral serology, Alpha-feta protein CT CAP, ERCP, Biopsy
56
Blood findings in liver failure
LFTs: Raised ALT, AST, Bilirubin, Low albumin FBC: Low PLTs Clotting: Raised INR
57
Management of liver failure
Medical: Chemo Surgical: Resection, Tumour embolisation
58
Cause of pre-hepatic jaundice
Haemolysis
59
Causes of hepatic jaundice
Hepatitis, Liver disease, Gilbert's syndrome, Paracetamol, Rifampacin, Contrast
60
Causes of post-hepatic jaundice
Ascending cholangitis, Pancreatic cancer, Cholangiocarcinoma, PBC, PSC

Gastroenterology (3 decks)

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