Liver/bile enzymes

Question 1

AST

Answer 1

ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE

In cytoplasm and MITOCHONDRIA of hepatocytes and muscle cells.

Liver-specific for HERBIVORES.

INCREASED AST and CK: MUSCLE

• intensive exercise
• muscle damage/necrosis/inflammation
• myocarditis
• rhabdomyolysis

INCREASED AST (and normal CK): LIVER 
- liver damage ---> severe with very high AST (mitochondria damaged)

DECREASED AST

• Metronidazole
• Vit B6

Question 2

ALT

Answer 2

ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE

in cytoplasm

liver-specific in CARNIVORES, not used in Herbivores

INCREASED AST:
- milder liver problem

Question 3

GLDH

Answer 3

GLUTAMATE DEHYDROGENASE

in MITOCHONDRIA of liver cells

Liver-specific for Ru, Eq and Dogs.

INCREASED GLDH
- severe liver cell necrosis (mitochondrial damage)

Question 4

ALKP

Answer 4

ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE

in every cell memrane - only hepatic and bone ALKP appear in blood.

SIAP = steroid induced alkaline phosphatase –> ALKP produced in liver, seen in DOGS

BONE
- bone tumour, fracture

NEOPLASTIC
- lymphoid, lung and hepatic tumours

LIVER
- cholestasis, liver injury

SIAP
- Hyperadrenocorticism, glucocorticoids

Question 5

GGT

Answer 5

GAMMA GLUTAMYL TRANSFERASE

produced by many organs, concentrated in bile vessels

Horses and cats

INCREASED GGT
- cholestasis