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Systemic Pathology Exam 1 > Liver And Pancreas > Flashcards

Liver And Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of BW is a normal dog liver?

A

3%

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2
Q

What species normally has fibrous tissue outline liver lobes?

A

Pigs

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3
Q

Why are centrolobular hepatocytes most vulnerable to decreases in blood oxygen?

A

They receive blood last in hepatic blood flow, so a small decrease in oxygen can result in hypoxia

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4
Q

What are the clinical signs of liver disease?

A 
Bleeding
Jaundice
Ascites
Neuro issues 
Slow recovery from anesthesia
Photosensitization
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5
Q

What causes hyperbilirubinemia?

A 
Increased production (hemolysis, congenital defect)
Decreased excretion (hepatic dysfunction, cholestasis)
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6
Q

What are some things that cause intravascular hemolysis?

A

Lepto
Babesia
Acetaminophen
Snake venom

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7
Q

What are some things that cause extravascular hemolysis?

A

Cytauxzoon
Mycoplasma
IMHA
Neoplasia

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8
Q

What are alcoholic feces?

A

White feces caused by biliary obstruction

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9
Q

What are causes of extrahepatic cholestasis?

A

Choleliths
Cholecystitis
Biliary neoplasia
Mucocele

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10
Q

Why does pancreatitis cause cholestasis?

A

Inflammation in pancreas causes obstruction

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11
Q

What might be a cause of a severely enlarge bile duct?

A

Pancreatic neoplasia

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12
Q

T/F? Cystic mucosal hyperplasia in gall bladder is an incidental finding

A

True

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13
Q

Polycystic kidney disease is common in what type of animals?

A

Short-faced cats

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14
Q

What causes “nutmeg liver”?

A

Fibrosis caused by chronic passive congestion

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15
Q

A liver from an animal with HCM may have what characteristic?

A

Eccentuated reticular pattern

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16
Q

Why is infarction uncommon in the liver?

A

Dual blood supply

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17
Q

What are the two types of portosystemic shunts?

A

Intrahepatic and extrahepatic

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18
Q

Intrahepatic portosystemic shunts are most commonly found in what animals?

A

Large breed dogs

Failure of ductus venous to close

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19
Q

Extrahepatic portosystemic shunts are usually found in what animals?

A

Small breed dogs

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20
Q

What are common manifestation of extrahepatic portosystemic shunts?

A

Portal vein to azygous
Portal vein to vena cava
Gastric vein to vena cava
Atresia of portal vein

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21
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with portosystemic shunts?

A

Depression, anorexia, vomiting, CNS signs

Decreased BUN, elevated ammonia

22
Q

How do you treat a portosystemic shunt?

A

Don’t ligate! (Will cause portal hypertension)

Sx- ameroid constrictor that slowly squeezes vessel shut

23
Q

What causes microhepatica?

A

Congenital

Shuts

24
Q

What causes an acquired portosystemic shunt?

A

Chronic hepatic injury with diffuse fibrosis
Ascites

Usually characterized by multiple small vessels

25
Q

What is telangiectasis?

A

Dilation of sinusoids where hepatocytes are lost

26
Q

T/F? Steroid hepatopathy is an incidental finding

A

True

27
Q

What causes physiologic hepatic lipidosis?

A

Late pregnancy

Lactation

28
Q

What causes pathologic hepatic lipidosis?

A 
Increased synthesis of fatty acids, triglycerides
Increased lipolysis and uptake of FFA
Decreased fatty acid oxidation
Decreased apoprotein synthesis
Decreased lipoprotein excretion
29
Q

What is cirrhosis?

A

Fibrosis and nodular regeneration

30
Q

What are some causes of cirrhosis?

A

CHRONIC LIVER DAMAGE- chronic anticonvulsant use, NSAIDs, CCl4, infectious canine hepatitis

31
Q

What causes random hepatic lesions?

A

Anything spread by bloodstream

32
Q

What causes centrolobular hepatic lesions?

A

Toxins, HW, hypoxia

33
Q

What causes midzonal hepatic lesions?

A

Steroid hepatopathy

34
Q

What causes periportal hepatic lesions?

A

PA (horses)

35
Q

What causes massive hepatic lesions?

A

Theiler’s disease (horses)

Blue-green algae (dogs)

36
Q

What things might cause white nodules on liver?

A

Necrobacillosis

Tuberculosis

37
Q

If an animal has many tiny areas of inflammation on liver and kidney, what would you suspect?

A

Lepto

38
Q

If a dog has corneal edema and speculation indentation of liver, what would you suspect?

A

Infectious canine adenovirus 1

39
Q

If a cat has high globulins on bloodwork and then white/tan foci on liver and spleen, and fluid in abdomen, what would you suspect?

A

FIP

40
Q

What type of toxins produce consistent hepatotoxicity?

A

Intrinsic toxins

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids, aflatoxins

41
Q

What kind of toxins produce sporadic hepatotoxicity??

A

Idiosyncratic toxins

NSAIDs, anesthetics, anticonvulsants

42
Q

What is biotransformation?

A

Toxins being processed by liver

May actually activate some toxins (bioactivation)

43
Q

What does a liver with PA toxicity look like?

A

Green
Fibrotic
Biliary hyperplasia

44
Q

What breeds are predisposed to copper toxicosis?

A

Bedlington Terriers

45
Q

What would you suspect in a sheep with “gun metal gray” kidneys and hemoglobinuria?

A

Copper toxicosis

46
Q

Epithelial cell cancer?

A

Carcinomas

47
Q

Mesenchymal cell cancer?

A

Sarcomas

48
Q

A hepatic mass with distinct borders from tissue and umbilication is probably what?

A

Biliary carcinoma

49
Q

Dark red, blood-filled masses are most likely what?

A

Hemangiosarcomas

50
Q

What is tension lipidosis?

A

An incidental finding
where liver attaches to diaphragm and produces tension
Part of liver will be normal, and the part that attaches to diaphragm will be paler

51
Q

What causes capsular fibrosis “milk spot liver”?

A

Ascarid migration

Liver will be condemned for human consumption

Systemic Pathology Exam 1 (4 decks)

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