Liver And Gallbladder Flashcards
What are the characteristics of liver
It is the largest organ (1.5kg in adults)
Covered by peritoneum
Located in upper right hypochondrium below diaphragm
two lobes right (large) and smaller left separated by falciform ligament
Two smaller lobes (anterior) quadrate lobe (posteria) caudate lobe on inferior surface
What is the smallest unit of liver
Numerous tiny lobules surrounded by delicate fibrous membrane
What is the vessel running through all lobules
Central vein / introlobular vein
What are the vessels that are surrounding every lobule
Hepatic artery
Portal vein / interlobular vein
Hepatic duct/interlobular bile duct
What are the capillaries that mover within the hepatocytes called
Sinusoids
What are the other cells that roam within sinusoid
Endothelial cells
Phagocytic kupfer cells
Functions of liver and gallbladder
- Blood reservoir= contains about 350 ml of blood
- Blood filters= bacteria from intestines are removed by kupffer cells
- Blood production in fetus
- destruction of aged blood
- production of plasma proteins
6 detoxification/inactivation of substances= hormones and toxic substances
By conjugation to glucoronic acid or sulphuric acid or by methylating or oxidation - Metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates= synthesis of amino acids
Most plasma proteins such as albumin fibronogen and globulin, - Stores iron vitamins and copper
9.Biler formation and excretion and secretions= secretory product:bile salts
Excretory products: bile pigment
Explain pathway of bile
Starts as canaculi Bile duct Common hepatic duct Cystic duct Common bile duct
Where does common bile duct open
Duodenum 8cm below pyloric duodenal junction
What encloses bile in duodenum
Sphincter of oddi
Explain function of splinter of oddi
The sphincter contracts so that bile is collected in common bile duct
And goes back to cystic duct and to gallbladder for storage
Which duct connects with common bile duct before entering duodenum
Pancreatic duct
How much bile is secreted dailyq
250 ml - 1100 ml
Where is bile stored
Gallbladder
Which mechanism are responsible in bile secretion
Parasympathetic system
Hormone secretion
CCK and gastric
What aver the substances that stimulate bile secretion
Cholerectics
Name products contained in bile
Bile salts, bile pigment, cholesterol, steroid hormone metabolites, T3 hormone, sodium bicarbonate.
What is bile role in fat digestion
Emulsify fats into small droplets making them more accessible to fat digesting enzyme lipase
What forms bile salts
Cholesterol and amino acids
Name the two primary bile acids
Cholic acid and chenodeoxychdic acid
What are the secondary bile acids
Glycocholic and taurocholic acid
Explain production of bile salts using primary and secondary acids
Primary acids are synthesised from cholesterol
They are conjugated to glycine and taurine to form secondary acids
They react with sodium and potassium in alkaline bile to form bile salts
What do bile acids do
Inudued in digestion and absorption of fat
they regulate their ow synthesis from cholesterol by hepatocytes
Function as choleretics
May increase colon motility/ laxative
What are your primary acids converted to?
Cholic acid= deoxycholicacid
Chenodeoxycholic acid = lithocholic acid
