Liver A&P Quiz Flashcards by Addyson Eriksmoen

How many lobes does the liver have? What are they?

3; Right, left, caudate

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Which lobe of the liver is the largest?

Right lobe

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How is the right lobe separated? What separates it?

Anterior and Posterior; the right hepatic vein

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How is the left lobe separated? What separates it?

Medial and Lateral; ascending left portal vein

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Which lobe has its own blood supply? what supplies it?

Caudate; right and left portal vein branches

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What is the anterior landmark for the caudate lobe?

ligamentum venosum

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What is the posterior landmark for the caudate lobe?

IVC

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What is the inferior landmark for the caudate lobe?

Main Portal Vein

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What separates the left and right lobes of the liver?

Main Portal Vein

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_____Divides liver into ____ segments

couinaud’s; 8

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uses portal and hepatic veins; important for cases of liver resection

Couinaud’s

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opening of the liver in which the portal triad enter/exit the liver

Porta hepatis

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What are the vessels that are part of the portal triad? Which ones enter and which ones exit?

MPV (enter), Hepatic Artery (enter), common bile duct (exit)

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thin connective tissue layer that contains blood, lymphatics and nerves

Glisson’s Capsule

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area of liver not covered by peritoneum; makes direct contact to diaphragm

bare area

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area where fluid cannot accumulate

bare area

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tongue like extension of the inferior right lobe; most common variant

Reidel’s lobe

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explain Glisson’s Capsule’s sonographic appearance

smooth, homogenous; isoechoic to slightly hyperechoic when compared to right kidney; slightly hypoechoic to pancreas; isoechoic and similar texture to splean

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sonographic appearance of liver (pediatric)

smooth and homogeneous parenchyma; isoechoic or hyperechoic to adjacent renal cortex; portal veins demonstrate echogenic walls

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divides right lobe into anterior and posterior segments

Rt intersegmental

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landmark is the RHV

Rt intersegmental fissure

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divides left lobe into medial and lateral segments

Lt intersegmental fissure

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landmarks are the LPV (ascending portion), LHV, Ligamentum Teres

Lt intersegmental fissure

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Separates rt and Lt lobes

Main Lobar Fissure

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landmark is the oblique plane at GB fossa

main lobar fissure

fissure that is anterior to caudate

transverse fissure

fissure whose landmark is the ligamentum venosum

transverse fissure

extends from umbilicus to diaphragm; attaches liver to anterior abd wall and diaphragm; contains ligamentum Teres

Falciform

ligament located left intersegmental fissure; lower free margin of the falciform

ligamentum teres

remnant of the fetal umbilical vein

ligamentum teres

divides caudate from left lobe; anterior landmark for caudate

ligamentum venosum

remnant of the fetal ductus venosus

ligamentum venosum

continuous with falciform

coronary ligaments

attaches posterior surface of liver to diaphragm

coronary ligaments

located at superior/lateral liver; at edges of the coronary ligament

triangular (Rt/lt) ligament

attaches superior and posterior surface to liver

triangular rt/lt ligament

carries 70-75% of deoxygenated blood TO the liver and has echogenic walls

Portal vein

carries 25-30% of oxygenated blood TO the liver

hepatic artery

what kind of flow is toward liver?

hepatopedal

what is the term for when something courses segments

intrasegmental

What drains blood FROM the liver and where do they drain into?

Hepatic veins and they drain into the IVC

what part of the heart does the IVC drain into?

right atrium

what is are the anterior and inferior landmarks for caudate lobe?

anterior: ligamentum venosum; inferior: IVC

system that divides liver into 8 segments

couinad's

what kind of walls do we see in hepatic veins?

anechoic and they have 3 main branches; and travel intersegmental

functional liver cells are called

hepatocytes

hepatocytes can be found in the functional unit of the liver called

lobule

where does the lobule radiate from

it radiates outward from a central vein

where do the portal vein and hepatic artery terminate

at sinusoids

where do bile ducts originate

at the bile canaliculi at sinusoids

portal triad is found at

periphery

capillary like spaces

sinusoids

what are sinusoids lined with

Kupffer cells

where does phagocytosis take place

at sinusoids

main function of the liver?

detoxification of waste/toxins, metabolizes, digests, stores

other liver functions

metabolizes carbs, fats, amino acids, and proteins; digestion

what does the liver store?

glycogen, fat, amino acids, iron, copper, vitamins

how does the liver metabolize carbs? why does it do this?

glucogenesis and glycogenesis; maintain blood sugar and equilibrium

how does the liver metabolize fats? why does it do this?

synthesizes triglycerides and cholesterol; produces ketones; it does this to convert fats to more usable forms

more usable forms of fat

lipoproteins

process of metabolizing amino acids in liver? What is the purpose?

transamination; to synthesize or alter amino acids to provide the needed ones to build proteins

what does transamination require?

enzymes such as AST and ALT

whats produced when proteins are metabolized in liver?

albumin, globulin, clotting factors (with help of vitamin k)

what does albumin maintain?

fluid homeostasis

what does the protein globulin do once metabolized?

transports plasma proteins

Whats the process and purpose of digestion in liver?

production/excretion of bile (hepatocytes); aid in digestion

whats produced after detoxification of waste/toxins?

urea and uric acid, and waste is excreted into bile

process of detoxification and cells used

phagocytosis (kupffer cells)

an excessive amount of this will cause jaundice

bilirubin

study last chart.

where is the liver located?

intraperitoneal (inferior to diaphragm)

transverse measurement of liver normal

21-22.5 cm

vertical measurement of liver normal

13-17.5 cm

AP measurement of liver normal

10-12.5cm

texture and shape of liver

smooth, homogeneous, low level echoes; shape varies

thin connective tissue layer covering the liver

Glisson's capsule

T/f: fluid collects between the liver and diaphragm

false because they are in direct contact

T/F: kidney should be hyperechoic to the liver

False;