Liver

Question 1

The liver is the largest organ of the body, weighing _____ and representing _____ of the lean body mass.

Answer 1

1–1.5 kg; 1.5–2.5%

Question 2

The liver receives a dual blood supply; ~20% of the blood flow is oxygen-rich blood from the ______, and 80% is nutrient-rich blood from the ______arising from the stomach, intestines, pancreas, and spleen.

Answer 2

hepatic artery; portal vein

Question 3

physiologic unit of the liver

Answer 3

Acinus

Question 4

____ is the hallmark symptom of liver disease and perhaps the most reliable marker of severity.

Answer 4

Jaundice

Question 5

Jaundice without dark urine usually indicates ______ hyperbilirubinemia and is typical of hemolytic anemia and the genetic disorders of bilirubin conjugation,

Answer 5

indirect (unconjugated)

Question 6

Alcohol consumption associated with an increased rate of alcoholic liver disease is probably more than_____ per day in women and _____ in men. Most patients with alcoholic cirrhosis have a much higher daily intake and have drunk excessively for ≥10 years before onset of liver disease

Answer 6

two drinks (22–30 g) 
 three drinks (33–45 g)

Question 7

an autosomal dominant disorder (OMIM 118450) associated with abnormalities of the liver, heart, skeleton, eye, and kidneys and a characteristic facial appearance

Answer 7

Alagille syndrome

Question 8

helpful measure of hepatic encephalopathy is a careful mentalstatus examination and use of the trail-making test, which consists of a series of 25 numbered circles that the patient is asked to connect as rapidly as possible using a pencil. The normal range for the connect the-dot test is ____ it is considerably longer in patients with early hepatic encephalopathy

Answer 8

15–30 sec;

Question 9

The hepatopulmonary syndrome is characterized by ____________: shortness of breath and oxygen desaturation that occur paradoxically upon the assumption of an upright position.

Answer 9

platypnea and orthodeoxia