liver

Question 1

hepatic portal vein

Answer 1

• a high conc of digested food products
• from interestines

Question 2

hepatic artery

Answer 2

oxygenated blood
from aorta

Question 3

hepatic vein

Answer 3

blood leaves liver to vena cava
deoxygenenated blood

Question 4

what is the name of cells of liver called

Answer 4

hepatocytes

Question 5

what is the liver made of

Answer 5

several lobes

Question 6

what does hepatocytes consist of

Answer 6

• microvilli
• golgi apparantus
• RER
• glycogen
• mitrochondria
• plasma memberane

Question 7

what is kupffer cells

Answer 7

• attached to sinusiods
  it break down harmful

Question 8

increase in blood glucose

Answer 8

• detects beta cells
• insulin is secreated and attatch to target surface
• incrase in permbility of target cell to glucose
• activities enzyme that converts
  glucose to glycogen

Question 9

decrease in bloood glucose

Answer 9

• detects alpha cells
• secrete glucagon
• attach to receptor
  so glycogen to glucose

Question 10

type 1 diabetes

Answer 10

no insulin

Question 11

type 2 diabetes

Answer 11

fewer insulin receptor and less sensitivite response to insulin

Question 12

transmination - protein metabolism

Answer 12

transferred to keto acids and new amino acids is produce

Question 13

essential amino acids

Answer 13

come from diet

Question 14

non-essential amino acids

Answer 14

made in the body

Question 15

what is biliverdin

Answer 15

irons from heam metabolism is a green pigments

Question 16

billirbin

Answer 16

is a yellow component of bile

Question 17

transferrin

Answer 17

iron can combin to plasma membrane to be re-used

Question 18

what does lipoprotein contains

Answer 18

• troglycerol
• cholesterol
• phospholipids
• apolipoprotein

Question 19

what is a lipoloprotein

Answer 19

-chylomicrons
- VLDL
- LDL
- HDL

Question 20

Ethanol metabolisms

Answer 20

ethonal to acetaldehyde by ADH
acetaldehdye to acetate by ALDH

Question 21

ADH

Answer 21

Alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 22

ALDH

Answer 22

aldehyde dehydroganase

Question 23

symptoms of alochol liver disease

Answer 23

feeling sick
weight loss
yellow eyes and skin
vomiting blood
confusion and drowsiness

Question 24

alcohol hepatitis influnced by

Answer 24

• genetic factors
• liver disorder
  malunutrient
  concurrent consumption of food

Question 25

what is hepatitis

Answer 25

is an inflammation of liver condition

Question 26

what is a cirrhosis

Answer 26

is a scarring of the liver

Question 27

what enzyme is contained in the hepatocytes that is associate with drug metabolism

Answer 27

cytochrome P450 group

Question 28

drug metabolism phase 1 and 2

Answer 28

phase1 -
oxidation by the enzyme cytochrome pa450
phase 2-
conjugation
attach to ionise group
occurs in the cytoplasm of heptocyte

Question 29

describe how the drugs is metaoblisme by the liver

Answer 29

• cytochrome P450 enzyme
• phase 1 oxidation
• drug may be extracted it water soluable
• phase 2 conjugation
• addition of an ionised group making it more soluable
• exatracted in bile and urine

Question 30

vitamin E

Answer 30

fat -Soluble antioxidant

Question 31

vitamin C

Answer 31

water soluble antitoxidant

Question 32

beta- carotene

Answer 32

• precursor to vitamin A

Question 33

phosphorus

Answer 33

• nucleic acids
• muscle dysfunction and weakness

Question 34

potassium

Answer 34

-nervous conductance
- muscle weakness

Question 35

sodium

Answer 35

• nervous conductnace
• Na+ homeostasis

Question 36

Mg

Answer 36

bone and tooth structure

Question 37

Ca

Answer 37

bone and tooth structure

Question 38

manganese

Answer 38

bone development

Question 39

iron

Answer 39

heam group in heamgloin and mylogloin
anaemia

Question 40

flourine

Answer 40

component of tooth and bone

Question 41

flourine

Answer 41

component of tooth and bone