liver

Question 1

ascites

Answer 1

1) Reduce salt intake
2) Diuretics – Spironolactone [K+ sparing diuretic]
3) Paracentesis
4) TIPSS

Question 2

encephalopathy

Answer 2

1) Underlying cause
2) Lactulose – converts ammonia to ammonium
3) Antibiotics – Rifaximin, Neomycin
a. Reduces bacteria which produce ammonia
4) Maintain nutrition

Question 3

paracetamol overdose

Answer 3

N-acetylcysteine

Question 4

primary biliary cholangitis (a chronic disease in which the small bile ducts in the liver become injured and inflamed and are eventually destroyed)

Answer 4

AMA (antimitochondrial antibodies) are the hallmark of PBC
1) Ursodeoxycholic acid – for the itch
2) Azathioprine + oral prednisolone

Question 5

haemochromatosis (an inherited condition where iron levels in the body slowly build up over many years)

Answer 5

1) Venesection
2) Low iron diet

Question 6

Wilsons disease (low copper)

Answer 6

Copper chelation drugs

Question 7

Gallstones

Answer 7

Ix: Ultrasound
1. Acute – leave it alone / pain relief
2. Ursodeoxycholic acid can dissolve small gallstones
3. Chronic
a. Pain relief
b. IV antibiotics if infection
c. ERCP removal
d. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Question 8

NEVER GIVE

Answer 8

methotrexate