Liver Flashcards
Liver anatomy
Weight: 1500 g
Dual blood supply:
1.portal vein 2.hepatic artery
Liver cells?
Hepatocytes
- Bile ducts
- Blood vessels
- Endothelial cells
- Kupffer cells
- Stellate cells
Cirrhosis definition?
- whole liver involved
- fibrosis
- nodules of regenerating hepatocytes 4. distortion of liver vascular architecture:
intra- and extra- hepatic (e.g. gastro- oesophageal) shunting of blood
How is cirrhosis classified?
1 - according to nodule size:
micronodular or macronodular
2 - according to aetiology:
1) alcohol / insulin resistance 2) viral hepatitis etc.
Complications of cirrhosis ?
- Portal hypertension
2. Hepatic encephalopathy 3. Liver cell cancer
Causes of acute hepatitis?
- viruses
2. drugs
Histology of acute hepatitis?
spotty necrosis
Causes of chronic hepatitis?
- viral hepatitis
- drugs
- auto-immune
histology of chronic hepatitis?
severity of inflammation = grade
severity of fibrosis = stage
Types of alcoholic liver disease?
- fatty liver
- alcoholic hepatitis
- cirrhosis
Features of alcoholic hepatitis?
Ballooning ( +/- Mallory Denk Bodies) • Apoptosis
• Pericellular fibrosis
• Mainly seen in Zone 3
What are the features of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?
non-alcoholic steatohepatits
looks like alcoholic liver disease
due to insulin resistance associated with increased BMI and diabetes
one of the most common causes of liver disease world wide
Primary biliary cholangitis features?
more common in women
Bile duct loss associated with chronic inflammation
diagnostic test is detection of anti-mitochondrial antibodies
Primary sclerosing cholangitis features?
more common in men
periductal bile duct fibrosis
associated with ulcerative colitis
increased risk of cholangiocarcinoma
what is haemochromatosis?
genetically determined increased gut iron absorption
chromosome 6
bronzed diabetes
