Fundamentals

Question 1

Cells and their roles?

Answer 1

Neutrophils - acute inflammation

Lymphocytes - chronic inflammation

Eosinophils - allergic reaction, parasitic infections, tumours, eosinophilic oesophagi’s

Mast cells - welts and rashes

Macrophages - late acute inflammation, chronic inflammation, ziehl-neelson stain

Question 2

Types of Tumours?

Answer 2

Carcinoma - squamous cell carcinoma - keratin production, skin, head, oesophagus, anus, cervix, vagina

Adenocarcinoma - mucin production, glands, lungs, breast, stomach, colon, Pancreas

Transitional Cell Carcinomas

Question 3

Staining and Types?

Answer 3

cytological - papanicolaou

Stains for:

Copper = Rhodanine stain

Haemochromatosis = Prussian Blue Iron Stain

Amyloid = Congo Red Stain à Apple Green birefringence

Brucellosis = Castaneda medium

A1AT, Candida = Periodic Acid Schiff stain