Little Rascals (Pediatrics)

Question 1

Begins with a fever, coryza, cough, conjunctivitis, malaise, irritability, and photophobia. Then a brick red, irregular, maculopapular rash appears at the head before moving downward and outward.

Answer 1

Measels (rubeola)

Question 2

When are live vaccines administered to a newborn?

Answer 2

At 12 months

Question 3

What’s the most common cause of croup?

Answer 3

parainfluenza virus

Question 4

What’s the most common cause of bronchiolitis?

Answer 4

RSV

Question 5

A grey pseudomembrane on the pharynx, nasopharynx, and trachea.

Answer 5

Diptheria

Question 6

What’s the most common cause of bacterial pharyngitis?

Answer 6

Group A beta-hemolytic strep

Question 7

How much should a 12 month old weigh?

Answer 7

3x the birthweight

Question 8

When is a newborn expected to roll over?

Answer 8

6 months

Question 9

When is a newborn expected to walk?

Answer 9

12 months

Question 10

What vaccines are given at 2, 4, and 6 months?

Answer 10

Rotavirus, DTAP, Hib, Pneumococcal conjugate, Polio inactivated

Question 11

What vaccines are given at birth?

Answer 11

Hep B

Question 12

What’s the most common cause of epiglottitis?

Answer 12

H flu

Question 13

Name 3 viral causes of otitis media

Answer 13

Adenovirus, HSV, influenza

Question 14

What’s the recommended minimum age for the trivalent inactivated flu vaccine?

Answer 14

6 months

Question 15

When can you give the trivalent live attenuated vaccine?

Answer 15

2 years

Question 16

What’s omphalitis?

Answer 16

Erythema and edema of the soft tissue surrounding the stump of the umbilical cord. Most commonly caused by strep and staph.

Question 17

What’s the leading cause of hospitalization of children under 2?

Answer 17

RSV

Question 18

Murmur heard best at the left sternal border-second intercostal space with a fixed split S2 and normal pulses

Answer 18

ASD

Question 19

Harsh, pansystolic murmur heard best at the 3rd and 4th intercostal space.

Answer 19

VSD

Question 20

What’s the most likely etiology of a otherwise healthy 15 year old soccer player who dies of cardiac arrest while playing soccer?

Answer 20

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Question 21

What’s the gold standard of diagnosis of a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Answer 21

EKG

Question 22

What’s the scottie dog sign with a broken neck refer to?

Answer 22

spondylolysis

Question 23

What’s the next step after a bed wetting alarm?

Answer 23

DDAVP (desmopressin acetate)

Question 24

Name 2 risk factors for spina bifida

Answer 24

1. Poor intake of folic acid during pregnancy

2. Mom using valproate during pregnancy

Question 25

Name the four most common inborn errors of metabolism.

Answer 25

1. Hypothyroidism
2. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
3. Phenylketonuria
4. Galactosemia

Question 26

Test for congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Answer 26

17-hydroxyprogesterone

Question 27

Treatment for congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Answer 27

corticosteroid replacement

Question 28

Short stature, webbed neck, prominent ears and low posterior hairline, broad chest with widely spaced nipples, and increased carrying angle.

Answer 28

Turner’s Syndrome (monosomy x)

Question 29

Pale blue irides, long narrow facies, large protruding ears, large protruding jaw, flat feet, and hyperextendible fingers.

Answer 29

Fragile X syndrome

Question 30

Large for gestational age infants, hypoglycemia during infancy, creases and pits in earlobes, asymetric limbs, organomegally, and large tongue. At risk for Wilms’ tumor and hepatoblastoma. Chromosome 11p15

Answer 30

Beckwith-Weidemann syndrome

Question 31

The primary defect involves collagen, resulting in joint laxity, hyperelastic skin, pectus deformity, and excessive bruising. Death often results from ruptured aneurysm.

Answer 31

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

Question 32

The defect involves type 1 collagen, resulting in bone fragility and pathological fractures. Some cases result in blue tinted sclera and varying degrees of deafness.

Answer 32

Osteogenesis imperfecti

Question 33

What allergy is cause for avoidance of the Hep B vaccine?

Answer 33

Baker’s yeast

Question 34

What two preservatives are common in MMR and IPV and may cause anaphylaxis?

Answer 34

Neomycin/streptomycin

Question 35

What’s the mercury based preservative that that was associated with autism in one study?

Answer 35

Thimerosal

Question 36

Name 2 toxins that produce garlic breath.

Answer 36

Arsenic

Organophosphates

Question 37

Alcohol causes an anion/osmolar gap.

Answer 37

anion

Question 38

Methanol causes an anion/osmolar gap.

Answer 38

osmolar

Question 39

Fever for 3-4 days followed by a pink, macular rash,

Answer 39

roseola HHV6

Question 40

Red face “slapped cheek”; lacy, pink, macular rash on torso

Answer 40

Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease) Human parvovirus B19

Question 41

4 year old male presents with fever of 102 for the past 5 days. PE reveals conjunctivitis, lip cracking and fissuring, strawberry tongue, unilateral cervical lymphadenopathy, and his hands and feet are swollen. Diagnosis?

Answer 41

Kawasaki disease

Question 42

Treatment for Kawasaki disease

Answer 42

IV immunoglobulin and high dose aspirin

Question 43

What’s worrisome about Kawasaki disease?

Answer 43

Cardiovascular manifestations including myocarditis, pericarditis, valvular heart disease, and coronary arteritis and aneurysms.

Question 44

You working same day care and seeing a 3 year old with the c/o brick red diarrhea. She was treated for OM last week. What is your conclusion?

Answer 44

She was treated with Omnicef most likely due to chronic OM and it is a normal side effect that the pediatrician should have warned the mother about.