Little Rascals (Pediatrics) Flashcards
Begins with a fever, coryza, cough, conjunctivitis, malaise, irritability, and photophobia. Then a brick red, irregular, maculopapular rash appears at the head before moving downward and outward.
Measels (rubeola)
When are live vaccines administered to a newborn?
At 12 months
What’s the most common cause of croup?
parainfluenza virus
What’s the most common cause of bronchiolitis?
RSV
A grey pseudomembrane on the pharynx, nasopharynx, and trachea.
Diptheria
What’s the most common cause of bacterial pharyngitis?
Group A beta-hemolytic strep
How much should a 12 month old weigh?
3x the birthweight
When is a newborn expected to roll over?
6 months
When is a newborn expected to walk?
12 months
What vaccines are given at 2, 4, and 6 months?
Rotavirus, DTAP, Hib, Pneumococcal conjugate, Polio inactivated
What vaccines are given at birth?
Hep B
What’s the most common cause of epiglottitis?
H flu
Name 3 viral causes of otitis media
Adenovirus, HSV, influenza
What’s the recommended minimum age for the trivalent inactivated flu vaccine?
6 months
When can you give the trivalent live attenuated vaccine?
2 years
What’s omphalitis?
Erythema and edema of the soft tissue surrounding the stump of the umbilical cord. Most commonly caused by strep and staph.
What’s the leading cause of hospitalization of children under 2?
RSV
Murmur heard best at the left sternal border-second intercostal space with a fixed split S2 and normal pulses
ASD
Harsh, pansystolic murmur heard best at the 3rd and 4th intercostal space.
VSD
What’s the most likely etiology of a otherwise healthy 15 year old soccer player who dies of cardiac arrest while playing soccer?
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
What’s the gold standard of diagnosis of a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
EKG
What’s the scottie dog sign with a broken neck refer to?
spondylolysis
What’s the next step after a bed wetting alarm?
DDAVP (desmopressin acetate)
Name 2 risk factors for spina bifida
- Poor intake of folic acid during pregnancy
2. Mom using valproate during pregnancy
Name the four most common inborn errors of metabolism.
- Hypothyroidism
- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
- Phenylketonuria
- Galactosemia
Test for congenital adrenal hyperplasia
17-hydroxyprogesterone
Treatment for congenital adrenal hyperplasia
corticosteroid replacement
Short stature, webbed neck, prominent ears and low posterior hairline, broad chest with widely spaced nipples, and increased carrying angle.
Turner’s Syndrome (monosomy x)
Pale blue irides, long narrow facies, large protruding ears, large protruding jaw, flat feet, and hyperextendible fingers.
Fragile X syndrome
Large for gestational age infants, hypoglycemia during infancy, creases and pits in earlobes, asymetric limbs, organomegally, and large tongue. At risk for Wilms’ tumor and hepatoblastoma. Chromosome 11p15
Beckwith-Weidemann syndrome
The primary defect involves collagen, resulting in joint laxity, hyperelastic skin, pectus deformity, and excessive bruising. Death often results from ruptured aneurysm.
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
The defect involves type 1 collagen, resulting in bone fragility and pathological fractures. Some cases result in blue tinted sclera and varying degrees of deafness.
Osteogenesis imperfecti
What allergy is cause for avoidance of the Hep B vaccine?
Baker’s yeast
What two preservatives are common in MMR and IPV and may cause anaphylaxis?
Neomycin/streptomycin
What’s the mercury based preservative that that was associated with autism in one study?
Thimerosal
Name 2 toxins that produce garlic breath.
Arsenic
Organophosphates
Alcohol causes an anion/osmolar gap.
anion
Methanol causes an anion/osmolar gap.
osmolar
Fever for 3-4 days followed by a pink, macular rash,
roseola HHV6
Red face “slapped cheek”; lacy, pink, macular rash on torso
Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease) Human parvovirus B19
4 year old male presents with fever of 102 for the past 5 days. PE reveals conjunctivitis, lip cracking and fissuring, strawberry tongue, unilateral cervical lymphadenopathy, and his hands and feet are swollen. Diagnosis?
Kawasaki disease
Treatment for Kawasaki disease
IV immunoglobulin and high dose aspirin
What’s worrisome about Kawasaki disease?
Cardiovascular manifestations including myocarditis, pericarditis, valvular heart disease, and coronary arteritis and aneurysms.
You working same day care and seeing a 3 year old with the c/o brick red diarrhea. She was treated for OM last week. What is your conclusion?
She was treated with Omnicef most likely due to chronic OM and it is a normal side effect that the pediatrician should have warned the mother about.
