Lithosphere -Glaciation

Question 1

What are glaciers

Answer 1

Large slow moving mass of ice which is constantly growing shrinking and moving

Question 2

Formation of glacier

Answer 2

Glaciers form when snow collects in north facing hollows on mountains, continuous snowfall means it compacts and compresses to eventually form glacial ice

Question 3

Freeze thaw weathering X4

Answer 3

-Water collects in rock cracks above glaciers
-Water turns to ice in cold temps
-Water expands when frozen pressuring rock
-process repeats and rock shatters

Question 4

Plucking

Answer 4

-at the back and underdog rock glacier ice freezes in cracks in rocks
-as glacier moves prices of rock are pulled out

Question 5

Abrasion

Answer 5

-when prices of rock embedded in ice rub and scrape away at valley floor and sides

Question 6

What is a corrie

Answer 6

Armchair shaped hollow on the side of a mountain near its top

Question 7

Formation of a Corrie X4

Answer 7

-snow gathers in hollow and compacts into ice

-due to gravity ice moves downhill sticking to back wall plucking rocks.

-back wall rocks loosened by freeze thaw

-ice moving with rocks eroded and deepens hollow by abrasion

Question 8

What is an Arête

Answer 8

narrow knife-edged ridge where two corries have eroded back to back

Question 9

Formation of arête

Answer 9

This occurs when the back walls of a Corrie have been arises back so far that inly a narrow ridge separates them

Question 10

What is a pyramidal peak

Answer 10

They have a sharp summit and steep slopes on at least three sides

Question 11

Formation of pyramidal peak

Answer 11

When three or more corries form around a peak where the Corrie side walls meet they form an arête. The arêtes meet at the top to form a pyramidal peak

Question 12

Features of a u shaped valley

Answer 12

U-shaped valleys have steep sides and a wide, flat floor.

Question 13

Formation of a u shaped valley

Answer 13

Formed by glaciers (explain)

-form when the ice moves due to gravity down a v shaped valley.

-when ice moves it erodes the bottom and sides of the valley by abrasion (explain)

-this process deepens and widens the valley turning it from v to u

Question 14

What is a hanging valley

Answer 14

A hanging valley is a smaller side valley left ‘hanging’ above the main
U-shaped valley
formed by a tributary glacier.

Question 15

Formation of a hanging valley

Answer 15

created where smaller valleys meet the main glaciated valley. The glaciers in the smaller valleys were not so powerful, so they didn’t erode such deep valleys. This means the smaller valleys are left hanging above the floor of the main valley.

Question 16

What is a ribbon lake

Answer 16

A ribbon lake is a large, narrow lake occupying a U-shaped valley

Question 17

Formation of a ribbon lake

Answer 17

When ice erodes an area of soft rock faster than the bands if hard rock on either side of it after the ice has gone the area fills with water

Question 18

What does terminal moraine show

Answer 18

The furthest point a glacier reached

Question 19

What is terminal moraine

Answer 19

A mound of material which stretches across the valley floor

Question 20

drumlin

Answer 20

Formed when ice is still moving the steep ‘stoss’ slope faces upstream and the ‘lee’ is the more gentle sloping which indicates the direction in which the glacier was moving

Question 21

Formation of a drumlin

Answer 21

When glacier is overloaded with sediment.
As it loses power material is deposited
An obstacle may act as a trigger point and the sediment will build up around it

Question 22

Land use conflicts
X10

Answer 22

-many walkers=footpath erosion

-muddy paths=accidents
High rainfall=difficult growth

-air pollution from vehicles

-water pollution from water vehicles

• bank erosion

-dust from quarries

-unattractive quarries

-noise pollution from quarry=sheep worrying

-large trucks from quarry block roads

-water sports and vehicles together is dangerous

Question 23

Land use management strategies
X10

Answer 23

-stone pitching on footpaths

-reinforce bankings

-zoning for water sports

-plant trees to hide quarries

-spraying water while blasting

-restrict blasting times

-park and ride to reduce congestion

-signs to keep people on paths

-speed limit on lakes

-restore land after quarries