Literature Flashcards
Brown et al (2017) Veterinary and Comparative Oncology
- LOPP (lomustine, vincristine, procarbazine, and pred) seems like an effective 1st line treatment for dogs with T cell lymphoma (90% of dogs in the study had complete remission)
- median disease-free interval = 176 days
- median overall survival time = 323 days
- the longest living dog lived 1696 days beyond diagnosis
- Giving the vinc, CCNU, and procarb on different days decreased toxic effects (82% of dogs recieved full doses of all drugs on time, no drug holidays)
LOPP chemotherapy as a first-line treatment for dogs with T cell lymphoma
Musser et al (2022). Vet Record Open
- More research is needed into monoclonal antibody treatment so we can use this adjunctive treatment the way its being used in humans with LSA
- Canine T-cell (anti-CD52) lymphoma mAb (AT-005) which has been licensed by the USDA for treatment of dogs with lymphoma, did not significantly improve progression-free survival when combined with L-CHOP compared to L-CHOP alone
Randomised trial evaluating chemotherapy alone or chemotherapy and a novel monoclonal antibody for canine T-cell lymphoma: A multicentre US study
Morgan et al. (2018) Veterinary and Comparative Oncology
Analyzed the use of a LOPP protocol in chemo naive dogs with T cell lymphoma. Their protocol had a median progression free survival of 431 days and median survival time was 507 days. 86% of dogs experienced an adverse effect and 43% of dogs required treatment delays.
Canine T cell lymphoma treated with lomustine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisolone chemotherapy in 35 dogs.
Lenz et al. (2023) Veterinary and Comparative Oncology
In treating human lymphoma, increased dose intensity (DI, the amount of chemo delivered per unit time) coorelates to improved outcome. For the CHOP protocol in dogs, designing a protocol to be dose intense can lead to an increase in toxicities which then leads to dose reductions and treatment delays which then decreases the actual DI and the percentage of planned DI.
Calculation of dose intensity and comparison of publishedmethods using a cohort of canine T-cell lymphoma patientsundergoing CHOP-based chemotherapy
Aslan, Shipstone, and Sullivan. (2021) Veterinary Dermatology
Case report of a 9yo MN Staffordshire Terrier treated with Apoquel and cephalexin for his cutaneous T cell lymphoma and 2ry pyoderma. PFS ~90 days. Recheck biopsies showed marked cytoreduction of lymphocytes which makes sense because we know Apoquel has been shown to deplete CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and causes apoptosis of these cells in vitro.
Treatment of canine cutaneous epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma with oclacitinib: a case report
Azuma et al. (2021) Veterinary and Comparative Oncology
Epitheliotropic cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCLs) carry a worse prognosis than nonepitheliotropic. Proposed negative prognostic indicators include the presence of neoplastic lymphocytes in peripheral blood, thrombocytopenia, and initial chemotherapeutic response. Median overall survivial time for epit = 141 days, nonepit = 374 days.
Outcomes and prognostic factors in canine epitheliotropic and nonepitheliotropic cutaneous T-cell lymphomas
Finotello et al (2017) Veterinary and Comparative Oncology
Feline large granular lymphocyte (LGL) lymphoma is uncommon, carries a grave prognosis, and shows limited response to treatment. Most cats in the study (85 of 109) had both gastrointestinal and extra-GI involvement. Only 9 of 109 only had extra-GI (liver, spleen, kidney, trachea). Many cats in this study went untreated (MST 5 d) or were only treated with corticosteroids (MST 15d) likely due to owner preference in the face of patient symtpoms and poor prognosis. Cats that received CHOP (MST 60d) or lomustine (MST 90d) did best. Enterotomy (MST 42d) didn’t seem to improve survival. A small subset of cats (8 of 109 cats, 7.3%) survived more than 6 months, suggesting that a more favorable clinical course can be found among LGL lymphoma patients.
Feline large granular lymphocyte lymphoma: An Italian Societyof Veterinary Oncology (SIONCOV) retrospective study
Vail et al (2010) Veterinary and Comparative Oncology
Response evaluation criteria for peripheral nodal lymphoma in dogs (v1.0)–a Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group (VCOG) consensus document
Valli et al (2013) Veterinary Pathology
Canine lymphomas: association of classification type, disease stage, tumor subtype, mitotic rate, and treatment with survival
LeBlanc et al (2020) Veterinary and Comparative Oncology
Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group—Common
Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (VCOG-CTCAE v2)
following investigational therapy in dogs and cats
ACVR and ECVDI consensus statement: Reporting elements for toxicity criteria of the veterinary radiation therapy oncology group v2.0 - 2023
F Scarpa, S Sabattini, and Guiliano Bettini (2014) Veterinary and Comparative Oncology
Researchers used the Kiupel grading system (a histopath grading system) on FNA cytologies of MCTs to give a grade of high-grade or low-grade, then compared this grade to the histologic grade of the tissue post-excision. They were correct 94% of the time (47 of 50 samples). Things of note:
- the system isn’t perfect, so they recommend more work to finding a more applicable system
- finding even 1 mitotic figure on the slide was pretty accurate for HG. Poorly differentiated MCTs were also easy to identify. Multinucleated/binucleated cells showed consistent correlation between cyto and histo
- bizarre nuclei and karyomegaly were more inconsistent parameters
Cytological grading of canine cutaneous mast cell tumours
Camus et al (2016) Veterinary Pathology
Researchers proposed a cytologic grading system for MCTs based on the Kiupel system. They analyzed a number of cell features on each slide and then proposed a grading system based on factors that correlated consistently with either high grade or low grade histologic grading. They also looked at survival rates and tumor recurrence rates, finding that high grade tumors and incompletely excised tumors were more often associated with decreased survival, increased tumor recurrence, and increased development of new tumors.
Proposed cyto grading system: MCT are high grade if there is either poor granulation or 2 of the following - presence of any mitotic figures, nuclear pleomorphism, binucleation or multinucleation, or marked anisokaryosis [>50% variation in nuclear size]
Cytologic Criteria for Mast Cell Tumor Grading in Dogs With Evaluation of Clinical Outcome
Weishaar et al (2014) Journal of Comparative Pathology
Authors proposed a histologic grading system for lymph node metastasis in dogs with MCTs. They proposed 4 classes, (HN0 - HN3), but when looking at the data, it made more sense (statistical significance) to group them as HN0/1 and HN2/3. Classes are differentiated based on # of mast cells, mast cell location within the node, and changes to the LN parenchyma. Cases with higher numbers and more extensive involvement of nodal mast cells had a shorter DFI and ST compared with the opposite. There was no significant difference in DFI or ST for dogs that received adjuvant chemotherapy.
Correlation of Nodal Mast Cells with Clinical Outcome in Dogs with Mast Cell Tumour and a Proposed Classification System for the Evaluation of Node Metastasis
Kiupel et al (2011) Veterinary Pathology
Researchers proposed a new 2-tier grading system for MCTs since the Patnaik system has some flaws (predominance of grade 2 MCTs that can act like grade 1 or grade 3 tumors, and interobserver variation). In this system, high-grade MCTs are characterized by 1+ of the following: at least 7 mitotic figures in 10 hpf, at least 3 multinucleated cells in 10 hpf, at least 3 bizarre nuclei (highly atypical with marked indentations, segmentation, and irregular shape) in 10 hpf; karyomegaly (ie, nuclear diameters of at least 10% of neoplastic mast cells vary by at least 2-fold). This proposed system had 96.8% consistency and seemed to be a better predictor of survival than the Patniak system.
Proposal of a 2-Tier Histologic Grading System for Canine Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumors to More Accurately Predict Biological Behavior
