Literary movements and philosophy Flashcards
Determinism
the philosophy which suggests that free will does not exist
Idealism
the philosophy that states that matter does not exist
Fatalism
the philosophy that our futures are fixed
Materialism
a philosophy that argues only matter exists.
Metaphysics
a branch of philosophy that explores the nature of reality.
Skepticism
philosophy that truths about existence forever unknown.
Karl Marx
German philosopher who influenced communism.
“Allegory of the cave”
Plato’s metaphor for his dualistic philosophy or it can be read as a criticism of science or politics.
Plato’s Theory of Forms
Plato’s theory that there are perfect and unchanging forms or ideas, that transcend the physical.
Ptolemy
A Greek astrologist and geographer. His ideas influenced people from the Middle Ages and Renaissance.
Ptolemaic Universe
Ptolemy theorized that earth was the center of the universe and there were nine spheres rotated around earth.
Enlightenment
A movement in Europe focused on scientific thought.
Existentialism
existentialists were radical individualists who believed that people should not conform to their essence; they should have the will to live for themselves.
Bad faith
the idea of self-deception, when conform to our essence rather than see the world.
Friedrich Nietzsche
German philosopher who called Christianity a “slave religion” He redefined morality in his book about Masters and Slaves.