LITERARY APPROACHES

Question 1

is the comparison, analysis,
interpretation, and/or evaluation of works of literature. This is essentially an opinion, supported by
evidence, relating to theme, style, setting or historical or
political context.

It usually includes discussion of the work’s content and
integrates your ideas with other insights gained from
research. Literary criticism may have a positive or a
negative bias and may be a study of an individual piece of
literature or an author’s body of work.

Answer 1

Literary Criticism

Question 2

refers to any
principles derived from internal analysis of literary texts or
from knowledge external to the text that can be applied in
multiple interpretive situations.

Answer 2

Literary Approach

Question 3

a form of literary criticism that
focuses on a text’s use of structure. It would analyze the use of grammar, word choice,
syntax, and how all the elements work together. With this , one does not spend
any time concerned with the author’s influences, what the work might say about the
contemporary moment in history.

CHARACTERISTICS:

• Focus on a literary work’s formal elements.
• Analysis of grammar, word, choice, syntax.
• Disregard to cultural or historical influences

Answer 3

Formalism

Question 4

This view of history, economics, politics, culture, and
social conflict is grounded in class struggle. Marx and Engels
developed their economic and cultural theories amidst the
peaking industrial capitalist society of 19th-century Europe,
specifically Britain.

He believed that society is based on an unjust system that
privileges capitalism over the working class, and this
system, because of capitalism’s insatiable desire for profit,
will inevitably collapse. Eventually, it is the proletariat or the working class that will lead society and control the means of production, thus resulting in the abolition of all private property.

Answer 4

Marxism, may clue na kanina

Question 5

Three classes of Marxism and their definitions

Answer 5

Aristocracy - The traditional notion of nobility think of a feudal society with kings and queens their power is built up through the acquisition of land control over political structures and the labor of the working class.

Bourgeoisie - The bourgeoisie is the ruling class in Marxist
theory, which reinforces its power by exploiting the
proletariat and appropriating the value of their labor.

Proletariat - The Proletariat is the working class in the
Marxist theory, which is the subservient and exploited class.

Question 6

is a critical approach that relates the text to the larger, wider structure through inter-
textual connections or repetitive patterns. In other
words, a text is not autonomous but should be
analyzed within wider social and cultural contexts. By implication, structuralists believe in coherent, universal systems that may be probed using the “grammar” of a text.

Answer 6

Structuralism

Question 7

is not just a literary approach, but a philosophy that emerged in response to the limitations of structuralist criticism. Unlike Structuralism, this did not simply reveal connections; it emphasized the instability and
plurality of meanings. Ultimately, deconstruction
shows that meaning is indefinite and undecidable.

Answer 7

Poststructuralism: Deconstruction

Question 8

A relatively new literary approach is New Historicism, which has gained popularity only since the 1980s. To begin with, ______ is historical, but it does not view history in the same way that it has been viewed traditionally-that is
as a chronicle of past events that “truly” happened.

Answer 8

New Historicism

Question 9

The 20th century witnessed efforts to put an end to the many forms of discrimination
against women, thanks to early feminist voices like Simone de Beauvoir, Rosa Luxemburg, and
Hannah Arendt. In the Philippines, women empowerment has gained considerable ground with political measures aimed at greater gender equality, not to mention the more active participation of women in areas
once dominated by men.

Answer 9

Feminism