Literacy Flashcards
Soliloquy
Express a characters hidden thoughts
Hans Christian Andersen author know for?
Fairy tales that appeal to both children and adults
Verbs
action, state of being (seemed, was)
noun
people, places, or things
pronoun
Substitution for nouns
I, me, she, we, they, who, that, yours, his, her
Orthography
Representing sense and meaning
spelling
Morphology
Structure and sequencing of meaning
Etymology
Interrelation of sense and meaning
Phonology
Units of speech that construct meaning
Homophones
words with the same pronunciation but different meanings.
example: plain and plane , bear and bear
they are marked by their different orthographic representation.
semantic
The meaning of language.
Encode the meaning of a word and relate it to similar words with similar meaning.
Discourse Processing
Focus on the ways in which readers and listeners comprehend language.
Syntactic Processing
The order and arrangement of words in phrases and sentences. You might depend in part on syntactic processing to know the difference between “the cat is on the mat” and “the mat is on the cat.”
cloze exercise
passage rewritten with some words deleted. figure out what words go in the blanks
visual clues
use them by taking “picture walks” through a book and predict the book.
vocabulary
can be developed through oral discussions and reading (daily classroom read-aloud are crucial for this)
graphic organizers help to activate and review vocab
Reading fluency
students can automatically recognize the words in the text and can read easily without frequently stopping to decode words
Sight-word recognition
very important because a number of common words in the English language have irregular spelling (Dolch list)
Suffix
derivational suffix
inflectional suffix
letters attached to the end of a word to modify its meaning or change it into a different word class
derivational: new word has new meaning
teach- teacher care- careful
inflectional suffix (grammatical): changing singular to plural dog- dogs , past tense to present tense walk- walked
Prefix
a group of letters placed before the root of a word
example: un- , re-
syllabication
the division of words into syllables, either in speech or in writing.
Syntactic cues
beginning readers use knowledge of grammar and the parts of speech to figure out a word.
semantic cues
using knowledge of the world and objects within it to figure out what would make sense in a particular text
phonograms
word families
CVC
consonant- vowel- consonant pattern in words
example: dog, bat
diphthong
when two vowels are in one syllable but both are heard
“oy” in oil
“oi” in voice
consonant blends (clusters)
two consonant letters that stand for two consonant sounds that are blended together without an intermediate vowel sound (dr-> drive)
can be 3 consonants as well
Digraph
when one sound is written with a combination of two letters
example: ch, gr
track print
tracking each word in a story.
know that English print begins at the top of the page and is read left to right.
Conventions of Written English
- leaving a space in between words
- ending sentences with different types of punctuation
- starting sentence with a capital letter
phonological awareness
includes phonemic awareness
awareness of sound structure.
breaking apart a word of syllables
blending onset and rimes
identifying initial sound of a word
phonemic awareness
individual sound of language
ability to hear, identify and manipulate the individual sounds- phonemes- in spoken words.
examples:
blending individual sounds into a word
breaking a word down in their individual sounds
phoneme
smallest part of spoken language that makes a difference in the meaning of a word.
grapheme
smallest part of written language that represents a phoneme in spelling of a word.
maybe 1 letter “b” or several letters “sh”
phoneme isolation
recognize individual sounds in a word
teacher: what is the first sound in van?
student: the first sound in van is /v/
phoneme identity
recognize the same sounds in different words
teacher: what sound is the same in fix, fall, and fun?
student: the first sound, /f/, is the same.