Lists

Question 1

Give examples of soft tissue neoplasms

Answer 1

Vascular: haemangioma, lymphangioma, Kaposi’s sarcoma and angiosarcoma.
Peripheral nerve: neurofibroma, neurilemmoma, traumatic neuroma and MPNST.
Smooth muscle: leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma.
Skeletal muscle: rhabdomyoma and rhabdomyosarcoma.
Fibrous: fibroma and fibrosarcoma.
Adipsoe: lipoma and liposarcoma.

Question 2

Give examples of hyperplastic lesions of soft tissue.

Answer 2

Epulides: fibrous epulis, pyogenic granuloma and giant cell epulis.
Fibroepithelial polyp.
Denture-irritation hyperplasia.
Papillary hyperplasia of the palate.

Question 3

Give examples of soft tissue cysts.

Answer 3

Mucocele (extravasation and retention).
Dermoid cyst. 
Epidermoid cyst.
Lymphoepithelial cyst. 
Thyroglossal cyst.

Question 4

What is the WHO Classification of salivary gland tumours?

Answer 4

Benign epithelial (pleomorphic adenoma, Warthin’s tumour and canalicular adenoma).
Malignant epithelial (mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma and acinic cell carcinoma).
Soft tissue tumours.
Haematogenous tumours.
Secondary tumours.

Question 5

What is the WHO Classification of odontogenic tumours?

Answer 5

Benign:
1. Odontogenic epithelium with mature, fibrous stroma without odontogenic ectomesenchyme.
2. Odontogenic epithelium with odontogenic ectomesenchyme with or without hard tissue formation.
3. Mesenchyme and/or odontogenic ectomesenchyme with or without odontogenic epithelium.
Malignant (carcinoma - epithelium and sarcoma - mesoderm)
Bone-related tumours.
Other.

Question 6

Give examples of bone-related lesions in the WHO classification of odontogenic tumours.

Answer 6

Fibro-osseus lesions: fibrous dysplasia, osseus dysplasia and ossifying fibroma.
Giant cell lesions: cherubism, central giant cell lesion and aneurysmal bone cyst.
Solitary bone cyst.

Question 7

List the various possible appearances of Lichen Planus.

Answer 7

Reticular - most common, lacy.
Atrophic - like erythroplakia. 
Plaque-like - like leukoplakia. 
Papular - small white papules. 
Erosive - extensive areas of shallow ulceration. 
Bullous - subepithelial bullae.

Question 8

Give examples of pre-malignant lesions.

Answer 8

1. Erythroplakias
2. Leukoplakias (proliferative verrucous leukoplakia)
3. Oral submucous fibrosis
4. Chronic hyperplastic candidosis
5. Lichen planus

Question 9

List some possible features of epithelial dysplasia.

Answer 9

1. Nuclear/cellular pleomorphism.
2. Nuclear hyperchromatism
3. Incresed mitotic figures
4. Loss of intercellular attachments
5. Dyskeratosis
6. Basal cells lose their polarity
7. Drop-shaped Rete ridges which get wider as they deepen