Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Music > Listening Quiz #3 > Flashcards

Listening Quiz #3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Ultimate Music Theory flashcards
1
Q

Describe Violin Concerto No. 1 in B-flat, Op. 3, No. 1, iii. Rondo: Allegretto

A
  • By Maddalena Laura Sirmen
  • Form: Rondo
  • Tempo: allegretto
  • All A sections in this movement feature the rondo theme in the tonic key
  • Sections B, C, and D are called solo episodes and feature different melodies in various keys
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe String Quartet No. 4 in B-flat, i. Cantabile

A
  • By Maddalena Laura Sirmen
  • Early Classical Style in Italy
  • Style: cantabile
  • Instrumental
  • Ensemble: 2 violins, viola, & cello (string quartet)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe String Quartet No. 4 in B-flat, ii. Minuetto

A
  • By Maddalena Laura Sirmen
  • Early Classical Style in Italy
  • Minuet (minuetto) movement
  • Instrumental
  • Ensemble: 2 violins, viola, & cello (string quartet)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe Overture (Sinfonie) in C, i. Allegro von spirito

A
  • By Marianne Martinez
  • Early Classical Style
  • Tempo: Allegro von spirito -> fast
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe Keyboard Sonata No. 3 in A, i. Moderato

A
  • By Marianne Martinez
  • AKA Sonata per Cembal No. 3 in A
  • Tempo: moderato
  • Instrument: piano
  • The form of this movement is divided into 3 sections
  • The 1st section presents 2 or 3 main melodies (themes) over stable key areas and then repeats (exposition)
  • The 2nd section is developmental, comprised of melodic fragments over frequent modulations, has no stable key area, and ends when the tonic key returns (development)
  • Final section presents the original themes in a different order, all in the tonic key (recapitulation)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe Symphonie Concertante in C, op. 9 no. 1, Allegro

A
  • By Chevalier de Saint-Georges
  • 1777
  • Genre: symphonie concertante
  • Ensemble: featured solo instruments with orchestra
  • Tempo: allegro
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe Piano Concerto No. 23 in A major, K. 488, i. Allegro

A
  • By Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
  • Genre: concerto
  • Tempo: allegro
  • Ensemble: solo piano and orchestra
  • Form: sonata
  • The orchestra plays both the primary and secondary themes, and then the instrumental soloist (piano) plays a slightly different version of the primary and secondary themes along with the orchestra (Exposition)
  • The Development and Recapitulation of the sonata form then follow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe Die Zauberflöte, Act II, „Der Holle racht kocht in meinem Herzen!“

A
  • By Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
  • AKA The Magic Flute, Act II, The fires of hell burn in my heart!
  • 1791
  • Genre: Singspiel
  • Language: German
  • Queen of the Night’s aria
  • Florid coloratura of the Queen of the Night
  • Queen of the Night: opera-seria type of character
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe Le nozze di Figaro, Act II excerpts

A
  • By Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
  • AKA The Marriage of Figaro
  • 1786
  • Genre: opera buffa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe Symphony No. 5 in C minor, i. Allegro con brio

A
  • By Ludwig van Beethoven
  • Form: sonata (exposition, development, recapitulation)
  • Tempo: allegro
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe Sonata No 14 in C# minor, op. 27 no. 2 (Moonlight) i. Adagio sostenuto

A
  • By Ludwig van Beethoven
  • 1801
  • Instrument: piano
  • Sonata form in C# (C-sharp) minor
  • Tempo: adagio
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe Sonata No 14 in C# minor, op. 27 no. 2 (Moonlight) ii. Allegretto

A
  • By Ludwig van Beethoven
  • 1801
  • Instrument: piano
  • Scherzo and trio form in D♭ (D-flat) major
  • Tempo: allegretto
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe Sonata No 14 in C# minor, op. 27 no. 2 (Moonlight) iii. Presto agitato

A
  • By Ludwig van Beethoven
  • 1801
  • Instrument: piano
  • Sonata form in C# (C-sharp) minor
  • Tempo: presto
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe Vienna, Austria

A
  • 18th-century capital of the latter-day Holy Roman Empire (Empire of Austria after 1806)
  • Imperial seat of the Hapsburg Dynasty
  • One of the most important musical-cultural centers in Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries
  • City most associated with 3 of the most influential musicians of the Classical Period:
  • Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)
  • Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)
  • Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827)
  • 18th-century Viennese classicism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the Esterházy family

A
  • Wealthiest and most powerful of the Hungarian royal families
  • Close relatives of the imperial family in Vienna
  • Patrons of music
  • At age 29, Franz Joseph Haydn entered the service of the Esterházy family
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What’s a Kapellmeister

A
  • Person in charge of a substantial musical establishment
  • Haydn became Kapellmeister in charge of a substantial musical establishment in the palace of Esterháza, which included an orchestra of 30 players, 2 opera theaters, academies (concerts) twice weekly, daily dinner music, sacred music for the prince’s worship services, etc.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe the invention of the piano

A
  • Invented ~1700
  • Keyboard instrument that strikes the strings with little hammers (and then silences them with dampeners)
  • Unlike earlier plucked keyboard instruments, the piano is capable of playing louder and softer, thus it was originally called a fortepiano (or pianoforte)
  • The original fortepianos contained much more wood inside than a modern piano -> sound different
  • Modern pianos have a metal soundboard, which resonates sympathetically when the strings vibrate, so it sounds much more ‘tinny’ and ‘clear’ than a fortepiano of Mozart’s time
  • Modern pianos are capable of playing softer and much louder than the pianoforte
  • The piano became the dominant keyboard instrument of the Classical Era (and after)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What’s a fortepiano/pianoforte?

A
  • Unlike earlier plucked keyboard instruments (harpsichord, clavichord, etc.), the piano is capable of playing louder and softer, thus it was originally called a fortepiano (or pianoforte)
  • The original fortepianos contained much more wood inside than a modern piano -> sound different
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the bowed strings of the classical orchestra?

A
  • Violins (1st & 2nd)
  • Violas
  • Cellos/violoncellos
  • Double basses (contrabass)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the woodwinds of the classical orchestra?

A

Single-reed woodwinds of classical orchestra:
- Flutes (2)
- Clarinets (2)
Double-reed woodwinds of classical orchestra:
- Oboes (2)
- Bassoons (2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the brass instruments of the classical orchestra?

A
  • Horns (‘French horn’ - 2) -> commonly used
  • Trumpets (2) & trombone -> rarely used
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the percussion of the classical orchestra?

A

2 timpani

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What’s chamber music?

A
  • ‘Social/domestic music-making’
  • One of the most popular types of chamber music in the late 18th century (and beyond) were string quartets
  • Many of Haydn’s string quartets were intended for amateur performance
  • String quartets were a genre common in ‘social music-making’
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What’s tonality?

A
  • AKA functional tonality, the Major/Minor tonality, tonal music
  • The system of major and minor keys (and their related scales) that was the foundation of music theory and practice in the Western world (Europe and its colonies) from ~1600 - 1900
  • This musical-theoretical system still serves as the basis for most of the music (‘art’ and ‘popular’ music) that’s created to the present day
  • Our modern systems of harmony differ greatly from the classic version due to the increased use of chromaticism
  • Tonality is a hierarchical system that emphasizes certain pitches and chords (simultaneous combinations of pitches) in a key so that some pitches and chords sound more stable (consonant) than others
  • Within this system, every possible chord in any given key has a functional relationship to the other chords in that key
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What’s a key?

A
  • Limited collection of 7 pitches organized around a central pitch (tonic)
  • Hierarchical network of interval relationships in which certain pitches and chords (simultaneous pitches in combination) are emphasized more than others to create a sense of motion (toward or away from stability) in music
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the functions of a key?

A
  1. A key limits the number of pitches used in a piece of music from 12 (the entire chromatic scale -> all the pitches in one octave) to 7 that collectively have a specific “intervallic content” (a network of interval relationships)
  2. Music that’s composed “within a key” is music in which the pitches have been consciously arranged in a hierarchical manner that emphasizes the tonic pitch more than others, creating the aural impression that this “reference” pitch is the most restful and stable pitch in the music
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What’s a harmony/musical form?

A
  • At the most fundamental level, musical forms are composed of patterns of key areas that are joined by modulations (aka transitions)
  • Within these key areas, the composer composes melodies (motives/thematic content) and accompanying harmonies
  • Ex: a musical work (or movement) that’s in binary form (2-part form) has a very simple basic harmonic structure: a binary-form piece begins in the tonic key, modulates away from the tonic (and perhaps to several other key areas), and then returns to the tonic (or ‘home’) key at the end of the work
  • The interaction of key areas and thematic materials can be visually depicted (‘diagrammed’) in a variety of ways
28
Q

What’s a chromatic scale?

A
  • Series of pitches moving exclusively in half steps, thereby including all 12 pitches in the octave
  • Doesn’t define a key
  • It isn’t limited -> contains all of the pitches in an octave
29
Q

What’s a major key/major scale?

A
  • A group of 7 different pitches that features an interval pattern arranged in ascending order, starting on the tonic
  • Ex: C-major scale = step step 1⁄2-step step step step 1⁄2 step
30
Q

What’s a scale?

A
  • Any specific pattern of intervals spanning one octave
  • The scale of any key is the placement of the key pitches into ascending or descending order, usually conceptualized as beginning on tonic
31
Q

What’s a minor key/minor scale?

A
  • A group of 7 different pitches that features an interval pattern arranged in ascending order, starting on tonic
  • Ex: C-minor scale = step 1⁄2-step step step 1⁄2-step step step
32
Q

What’s equal-temperament tuning?

A

12 half-steps in an octave

33
Q

What’s the tonic pitch?

A
  • The central pitch that the limited collection of 7 pitches (key) is organized around
  • This tonic pitch functions in a manner analogous to the pitch known as the “final” in earlier modal music
  • The most important pitch in any key (the pitch that’s most stable and consonant)
  • The pitch that gives its name to a key and its related scale
  • The pitch that is the “root” of the tonic chord (consisting of the 1st, 3rd, and 5th pitches of the key’s scale)
34
Q

What’s the tonic chord?

A
  • A tonic triad is the 3-note chord that contains the tonic, the 3rd (mediant) and the 5th (dominant) pitches of any major or minor scale
  • The tonic chord is also known as an “I chord” in major and “i chord” in minor (pronounced as “one chord” in either case), because the root (bottom note) of the chord is tonic
35
Q

What’s the dominant pitch?

A
  • The 5th note of a major or minor scale (beginning on tonic and ascending) -> the pitch that is a “perfect 5th” (proper term for that interval) above tonic
  • The 2nd most important pitch in a key, since dominant often precedes tonic in music, especially at cadences
  • The most important pitch for aurally defining where the tonic is -> when a piece of music reaches the dominant, people will ‘hear’ where the tonic is before they actually hear it, creating a sense of arrival when it does occur
  • Strongest cadence in music: when the dominant is followed by the tonic -> often happens at the end of a piece of classical music (and many other times within the piece -> ex: at the end of musical phrases, to mark large sectional divisions in a work’s form, etc.)
36
Q

What’s the dominant chord?

A
  • The 3-note chord that has the dominant, the 7th (leading tone), and the 2nd pitches (supertonic) of the scale
  • Also known as a V-chord (a “five chord”)
37
Q

What’s a modulation?

A
  • AKA transitions
  • Change of key within a piece of music
  • When a piece (or section) of music begins in one key and then changes into another key
  • Only the most simple pieces remain in the same key throughout
  • Many classical works modulate to the key of the dominant and then return to the original key (the tonic)
  • Large-scale works (ex: operas and the movements of Romantic symphonies) can modulate into many keys, and these patterns of modulation often define different major sections of the work’s overall form
38
Q

What does consonant mean?

A

When pitches and chords sound more stable

39
Q

What’s dissonance?

A

Results from using pitches that are not in the key (known as chromaticism)

40
Q

What’s a trill?

A
  • Very common and easily recognizable type of ornament
  • The rapid oscillation (back and forth movement) between 2 pitches, usually 2 that are very close to one another (a step or half-step apart)
  • Often occurs right before a cadence and serves to build tension toward that cadence
  • Often occurs at the very end of a cadenza, just before the orchestra comes back in
41
Q

What’s a cantabile?

A
  • Italian word that means “singable“ or “songlike”
  • In instrumental music, it’s a style of melody meant to imitate the human voice
  • Usually homophonic
42
Q

What’s a minuet/minuetto?

A
  • An elegant dance movement in triple meter (usually 3/4) popular around 1650-1800
  • Dance form
  • The only Baroque dance that remained important in Classical instrumental music
  • An extremely common movement type in all Classical instrumental genres
  • Typically the 2nd or 3rd movement of a 4-movement symphony or string quartet that follows the “Classical model” as practiced by Mozart and Beethoven
43
Q

What’s a scherzo?

A
  • Dance form
  • Typically the 3rd movement of a 4-movement symphony or string quartet that follows the “Classical model” as practiced by Mozart and Beethoven
44
Q

What’s a rondo form?

A

In a rondo form, the first melody in the piece comes back again and again, and always in the tonic key

45
Q

What’s a theme and variations form?

A
  • The first music you hear is the ‘theme,’ which is followed by many variations on that theme
  • Musical forms such as this one are structured around the varied repetitions of a single melody (the ‘theme’), but these melodies often appear in key areas other than the tonic
  • Typically the 2nd movement of a 4-movement symphony or string quartet that follows the “Classical model” as practiced by Mozart and Beethoven
  • Ex: Mozart’s twelve variations on Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star
46
Q

What’s a sonata form?

A
  • AKA First-movement Form and Sonata-Allegro Form
  • It’s extremely common in the first movements of instrumental genres: symphonies, string quartets, concertos, and sonatas
  • Thought of in its day as: 1. a structural principle capable of creating a pleasing balance and symmetry (Classical pov) and/or 2. a dramatic form, in which a conflict (large-scale dissonance) is resolved at the end (more Romantic aesthetic)
  • Historically, sonata form was a rounded binary form -> a 2-part form (A-B) in which the end of the movement (Part B) contains a brief reappearance of the initial music from Part A
  • However, it’s easier to think of the work as a 3-section form
  • Simplest examples of sonata forms from earlier 18th century have 2 more-or-less balanced halves
  • Later developments, especially in the 19th century, led to an increased emphasis on the Development section until the resulting works sound more like they have 3 parts instead of 2 (exposition, development and recapitulation)
  • Unlike the classical sonata forms found in symphonies and string quartets, the sonata form in the 1st movement of a concerto doesn’t repeat the exposition exactly
47
Q

What’s a sequence?

A
  • Short musical motive (fragment of melody) that’s repeated over and over at different pitch levels (either generally rising or lowering in pitch)
  • Sequences may appear anywhere in music, but often featured in sections of music that are modulatory (key of music is changing)
48
Q

What’s a cadenza?

A
  • Section of music near the end of a concerto movement (usually in 1st movement but sometimes in 3rd as well) during which the instrumental soloist plays completely alone (with no orchestral accompaniment)
  • Virtuosic cadenzas were usually improvised in live performances, giving the player a chance to show off their technical skill at improvisation without worrying about ‘staying with’ the orchestra
  • Published editions of concertos usually included a fully notated cadenza for those players (including amateurs) incapable of spontaneous improvisation
49
Q

What’s a motive?

A

A fragment of melody

50
Q

What’s a theme?

A

The main melody

51
Q

What does op. 5 mean?

A

Opus number 5

52
Q

What’s a virtuoso?

A

A skilled musician

53
Q

What’s the Venetian ospedale?

A
  • Institutional patronage for the poor
  • Maddalena Laura Sirmen received her musical education at Ospedale dei Mendicanti in Venice, where she was admitted in 1753 at the age of 7
  • Born to noble but poverty-stricken parents who were also minor nobility, young Maddalena was admitted to the Mendicanti not as an orphan but as a young musician who would be an asset to their all-female choir and orchestra
54
Q

What’s a concerto (solo concerto)?

A
  • Concert genre
  • Genre of large-ensemble music in multiple movements for a featured instrumental soloist with an orchestra
55
Q

What’s a double concerto?

A

Concerto for 2 soloists plus orchestra

56
Q

What’s a triple concerto?

A

Concerto for 3 soloists plus orchestra

57
Q

What’s an opera seria?

A
  • AKA grand opera
  • Genre of opera
  • Serious Italian opera in 3 acts, using recitatives and arias
  • Plots were usually drawn from classical history or legend
  • Arias often contain long melismas and are virtuosic
  • Oldest and most serious genre of opera
  • Strongly associated with aristocratic tastes
58
Q

What’s an opera buffa?

A
  • AKA opéra comique
  • Genre of opera
  • Comic Italian opera
  • Generally in 2 acts, using recitatives and arias
  • Plots usually involve contemporary situations and characters, including character servants, and other common folk
  • This genre had wider appeal for middle-class audiences than did opera seria
59
Q

What’s an overture?

A
  • Instrumental piece (for the orchestra alone) that introduces an opera
  • The first thing you hear at the beginning of the opera, often before the main opera characters come on stage
  • Overtures often contain musical themes from the vocal pieces to follow, sort of foreshadowing the action of the opera
  • Overture and “Sinfonie” were often used interchangeably in the 18th century
  • Was often called sinfonia in Italian operas
  • Predecessor of the symphony
60
Q

What’s a symphony?

A
  • Multi-movement instrumental genre for orchestra alone
  • This genre’s predecessors are the opera overture (often called sinfonia in Italian operas) and the dance suite, both of which were baroque instrumental works for a large, mixed ensemble of instruments centered around bowed strings (an orchestra), with no featured soloist(s)
  • The classical model (the late 18th-century form) of the symphony has 4 movements
61
Q

What’s a Singspiel?

A
  • German genre of opera that would rival the Italian opera buffa
  • Light and/or comic German opera, using spoken dialogue (no recitative) along with arias, duets, choral numbers, etc
  • Plots are often fantastic or exotic, and common characters are often included
  • More like a play with music (because of the spoken dialogue)
  • This genre was very popular among and strongly associated with the German middle-class audience, but it was also strongly supported by the Hapsburg Emperor Joseph II, who was one of Mozart’s patrons in Vienna
  • Very influenced by other lighter, comic genres, especially the British ballad opera, which also contained spoken dialogue and light, catchy tunes
62
Q

What’s a sonata?

A
  • The solo sonata is a genre of chamber music in either one of 2 formats:
    1. a multi-movement genre for one piano, harp, guitar, organ, etc. alone OR
    2. a multi-movement genre for an instrumental soloist with piano accompaniment
  • Similar to the solo sonata from the Baroque period, only post-1750 there is no basso continuo -> the piano takes over the role of accompaniment
  • Trio sonata more or less dies out with the baroque period, so after 1750 the term ‘sonata’ always refers to one of the 2 forms of ‘solo sonata’
  • Classical models (late 18th-century form) of the sonata have 3 movements
63
Q

What’s a string quartet?

A
  • The Classical model of the string quartet is a 4-movement musical genre for 1st violin, 2nd violin, viola, & cello
  • One of the most popular types of chamber music in the late 18th century (and beyond)
  • Could range broadly in difficulty and many of Haydn’s string quartets were intended for amateur performance
  • String quartets were a genre common in social music-making
  • The 4-movement structure of the string quartet came to be very similar to that of the symphony
64
Q

What are the instruments in a string quartet?

A
  • 2 violins
  • Viola
  • Cello
65
Q

What’s a symphonie concertante?

A
  • Parisian concert genre of the late 18th and early 19th centuries (~1770-1830) for featured solo instruments (usually 2, 3, or 4) with orchestra
  • Usually in 2 movements
  • The term implies ‘symphony with important or extended parts’, but the form is closer to concerto than symphony
  • More than 95% of symphonies concertantes were written in major keys
  • During the lifetime of Saint-Georges the genre was much associated with French and specifically Parisian musical tastes
66
Q

What are the typical traits of string quartets & symphonies in the “Classical model”

A
  • 4 movements
  • 1st movement: allegro (fast) tempo, tonic key of overall work (as in title), sonata form, often longest movement of the work
  • 2nd movement: slow (adagio, andante, or largo) tempo, contrasting key (minor if tonic key is major, and vice versa), theme & variations form, usually contains a lyrical often sad melody (contrasts with character of 1st movement)
  • 3rd movement: usually more upbeat (maybe ‘moderato’) tempo, either tonic or contrasting key (often a key different from 1st or 2nd movements), dance form (minuet or scherzo), often brief, light and stately (sometimes includes a ‘trio’ section for a smaller subset of instruments)
  • 4th movement: fast (allegro or presto) tempo, tonic key of overall work (as in title), rondo form (sonata form), light, lively & happy (if in major key) end to the work
  • The characteristics of the 2nd and 3rd movements are sometimes reversed -> the dance-related could be 2nd and the slow movement could be 3rd

Music (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions