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TOEFL 1 > List2 > Flashcards

List2 Flashcards

1
Q

Abundant

A

Present in large quantities. Ex:Living close to a lake means we have an abundant supply of water.

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2
Q

Accumulate

A

To gradually collect. Ex:Each fall, leaves accumulate in our driveway.

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3
Q

Accurate

A

Correct; free from errors. Ex:Make sure your address is accurate before submitting your online order.

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4
Q

Accustomed

A

Used to something. Ex:Having 8AM classes means I’m accustomed to getting up early.

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5
Q

Acquire

A

To come into possession of. Ex:When my grandmother died, I acquired her cookbook collection.

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6
Q

Adamant

A

Refusing to change an opinion. Ex:The defendant was adamant that he was innocent.

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7
Q

Adequate

A

Enough to suit your needs. Ex:Our house isn’t big, but it’s adequate for the two of us.

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8
Q

Adjacent

A

Close to or next to. Ex:The park is adjacent to the school.

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9
Q

Adjust

A

To change something so it serves its purpose better. Ex:The bike seat may be too high; you’ll probably need to adjust it.

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10
Q

Advantage

A

Something that makes it easier to achieve success. Ex:His height gives him an advantage in basketball.

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11
Q

Advocate

A

To publicly support. Ex:My aunt is a major advocate for women’s’ rights.

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12
Q

Adverse

A

Unfavorable; against one’s desires. Ex:I had an adverse reaction to my medication and had to stop taking it.

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13
Q

Aggregate

A

To combine. Ex:We should aggregate our resources to share them more easily.

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14
Q

Aggressive

A

Assertive and pushy. Ex:The salesperson was very aggressive when trying to get us to buy the television.

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15
Q

Allocate

A

To put aside for a specific purpose. Ex:The village needs to allocate funds for building the new school.

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16
Q

Alternative

A

Another option or choice. Ex:If the ATM is broken, an alternative solution is to stop by the bank.

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17
Q

Amateur

A

Someone who is inexperienced or not highly skilled in a particular area. Ex:He’s an amateur soccer player and is still learning the rules of the game.

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18
Q

Ambiguous

A

Having several potential meanings; unclear and difficult to understand. Ex:When I asked the HR manager what my chances were of getting the job, she gave me a very ambiguous reply.

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19
Q

Ambitious

A

Having large goals. Ex:My son is very ambitious and hopes to be a millionaire by the time he’s thirty.

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20
Q

Amend

A

To change for the better; to improve. Ex:I believe we should amend our country’s tax laws.

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21
Q

Ample

A

Plentiful. Ex:Our new apartment has ample space for the two of us.

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22
Q

Anomaly

A

Deviation from the norm. Ex:The basketball player is the team’s best free thrower, so his missing both shots was an anomaly.

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23
Q

Annual

A

Occurring yearly. Ex:The annual company barbeque takes place every August.

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24
Q

Antagonize

A

To tease or be hostile towards a person or group. Ex:The boy loves to antagonize his little sister by pulling her hair.

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25
Q

Attitude

A

Manner or feeling. Ex:After she got grounded, the teenager had a bad attitude for the rest of the day.

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26
Q

Attribute

A

To give credit. Ex:Be sure to attribute credit to your sources when writing a research paper.

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27
Q

Arbitrary

A

Based on a whim or random decision. Ex:Flipping a coin is an arbitrary way to make a decision.

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28
Q

Arduous

A

Requiring a lot of effort. Ex:After you cross the bridge, there’s an arduous walk up the hill.

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29
Q

Assuage

A

To lessen a negative feeling. Ex:The mother assuaged her child’s fear of the dark.

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30
Q

Assume

A

To suppose without solid proof. Ex:I assumed he was rich because he worked as a lawyer.

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31
Q

Augment

A

To increase or make larger. Ex:She augments her regular salary by babysitting on the weekends.

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32
Q

Benefit

A

Something positive or advantageous. Ex:A benefit of doing homework on Friday is that your weekend will be free.

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33
Q

Berate

A

To scold. Ex:Our neighbor berated us after we broke his window playing baseball.

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34
Q

Bestow

A

To give as a gift. Ex:The medal was bestowed upon him by the president.

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35
Q

Boast

A

To brag or talk with excessive pride. Ex:He always boasts of his talents after he wins a game.

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36
Q

Boost

A

To help raise or increase something. Ex:I gave him a pep talk to boost his self-esteem before his speech.

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37
Q

Brash

A

Rude and tactless. Ex:The brash man always asked inappropriate questions.

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38
Q

Brief

A

Short (in terms of time). Ex:It will only have a brief meeting, so you’ll still have plenty of time for lunch.

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39
Q

Brusque

A

Abrupt to the point of rudeness. Ex:After being away for so long, I expected more than her brusque greeting.

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40
Q

Cacophony

A

A harsh, unpleasant mixture of noise. Ex:The cuckoo clock shop lets off a cacophony every hour.

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41
Q

Cease

A

To stop. Ex:I wish they would cease arguing.

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42
Q

Censure

A

To express strong disapproval. Ex:Every parent in our district censured the education cuts.

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43
Q

Chronological

A

Arranged in order of time or date. Ex:Put the historical events in chronological order to make them easier to study.

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44
Q

Clarify

A

To make clear; to remove confusion. Ex:I didn’t understand the instructions, so I asked the teacher to clarify them.

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45
Q

Coalesce

A

To combine or grow together. Ex:The people on the street eventually coalesced into a group.

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46
Q

Coerce

A

To force someone to do something against their will. Ex:The young boy was coerced into stealing by his friends.

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47
Q

Cognizant

A

Being aware or having knowledge of something. Ex:Before mountain climbing, you need to be cognizant of the risks.

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48
Q

Cohesion

A

Uniting; becoming one. Ex:Water molecules show strong cohesion when they stick together.

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49
Q

Coincide

A

To occur at the same time. Ex:This year Thanksgiving coincided with my birthday.

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50
Q

Collapse

A

To fall down or break down. Ex:The old building finally collapsed, leaving nothing but a pile of rubble.

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51
Q

Collide

A

To hit one another with a forceful impact. Ex:The two cars collided on the freeway.

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52
Q

Commitment

A

Dedication to a cause or activity. Ex:Joining a school play is a big commitment. You’ll need to practice every evening.

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53
Q

Community

A

A group of people who live or work together. Ex:The Chinese community in my city is hosting a New Year celebration next week.

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54
Q

Conceal

A

To hide. Ex:The mountains concealed the ocean from view.

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55
Q

Concur

A

To agree. Ex:He believes women should be paid as much as men, and I concur.

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56
Q

Conflict

A

A disagreement or fight. Ex:The conflict between the two families has been going on for generations.

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57
Q

Constrain

A

To restrict or repress. Ex:You should move your plant to a bigger pot, otherwise you’ll constrain its roots.

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58
Q

Contemplate

A

To consider thoughtfully. Ex:I spend a lot of time contemplating what career I want to have.

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59
Q

Continuously

A

To go on without stopping. Ex:My neighbors have been continuously blasting their music since last night.

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60
Q

Contradict

A

To give the opposite opinion. Ex:I told the employees that sales were down, but my boss contradicted me and said sales were actually up.

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61
Q

Contribute

A

To give something (usually money or time) to a common fund or cause. Ex:Every roommate contributes part of his paycheck to the grocery bill.

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62
Q

Convey

A

To make known. Ex:I’ve conveyed my interest in working for that company.

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63
Q

Copious

A

Abundant. Ex:He always takes copious notes during class to study later on.

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64
Q

Core

A

Central; of main importance. Ex:Although many employees left the company, the core leadership remained.

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65
Q

Corrode

A

To gradually wear away. Ex:The rust corroded the paint on my car.

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66
Q

Cumbersome

A

Burdensome; clumsy Ex:Trying to carry four grocery bags at once was very cumbersome.

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67
Q

Curriculum

A

The courses given by a school or program. Ex:Our school needs to add more music courses to its curriculum.

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68
Q

Data

A

Facts, statistics, or pieces of information. Ex:The data from these graphs show that yearly temperatures are increasing.

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69
Q

Decay

A

To decline in health or excellence. Ex:After the tree died, its wood began to decay.

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70
Q

Deceive

A

To trick or mislead. Ex:He deceived me by pretending to be a millionaire.

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71
Q

Decipher

A

To find the meaning of. Ex:The spy deciphered the secret code.

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72
Q

Declaration

A

An announcement. Ex:He made a declaration to the office that he was quitting.

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73
Q

Decline

A
  1. To politely refuse.
  2. To deteriorate (especially in terms of health.) Ex:1. I declined his offer of a ride home.
  3. Her health has declined ever since she turned 70.
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74
Q

Degrade

A

To lower in quality. Ex:My attempt at cake degraded into a crumbly mess.

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75
Q

Demonstrate

A

To show. Ex:Let me demonstrate the proper way of throwing a football.

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76
Q

Deny

A

To state that something isn’t true. Ex:He denied being the robber.

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77
Q

Deplete

A

To significantly decrease. Ex:Your shopping sprees have depleted my savings.

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78
Q

Deposit

A

To deliver and leave an item. Ex:Please deposit your books in the bin outside the library.

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79
Q

Desirable

A

Worth having or wanting. Ex:Bravery is a desirable trait for firefighters to have.

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80
Q

Despise

A

To hate. Ex:I despise early morning classes.

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81
Q

Detect

A

To locate something. Ex:The police dog detected the missing child’s scent.

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82
Q

Deter

A

To discourage. Ex:The warning signs on the house deterred trespassers.

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83
Q

Deviate

A

To differ from the norm. Ex:I decided to deviate from my normal route home and took a shortcut.

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84
Q

Devise

A

To plan or create. Ex:The coach devised a plan for winning the game.

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85
Q

Diatribe

A

A sharp criticism or attack. Ex:The politician went into a diatribe against her opponent.

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86
Q

Digress

A

To wander from the main subject. Ex:The teacher digressed from the lecture to discuss the weather.

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87
Q

Dilemma

A

A situation where one must choose between two difficult choices. Ex:The student faced the dilemma of attending school sick or missing her exam.

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88
Q

Diminish

A

To shrink or reduce. Ex:Sprinkle baking soda on the carpet to diminish the stain.

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89
Q

Dispose

A

To get rid of. Ex:I need to dispose of this trash.

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90
Q

Disproportionate

A

Too large or small when compared to something else. Ex:The piece of pie I received was disproportionately small.

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91
Q

Disrupt

A

To interrupt by causing a disturbance. Ex:The protesters disrupted the politician’s speech.

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92
Q

Distort

A

To misrepresent. Ex:The camera filter distorted the image.

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93
Q

Distribute

A

To give portions of something. Ex:Distribute the materials evenly among the class.

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94
Q

Diverse

A

Showing a lot of variety. Ex:This city has a very diverse population.

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95
Q

Divert

A

To cause a change of course. Ex:Because of the accident, the police had to divert traffic down a side street.

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96
Q

Dynamic

A

Constantly changing. Ex:The theater has dynamic shows, so you never know what you’ll see.

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97
Q

Ease

A

To reduce unpleasantness or difficulty. Ex:This prescription will ease your allergies.

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98
Q

Efficient

A

Maximizing productivity. Ex:Now that I’m following a schedule at work, I’m much more efficient.

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99
Q

Eliminate

A

To remove. Ex:Our team lost the match and was eliminated from the competition.

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100
Q

Elite

A

A select, above-average group. Ex:The elite detective team were also sent for when there were big crimes.

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101
Q

Eloquent

A

Moving speech or writing. Ex:Her eloquent writing has gained her many fans.

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102
Q

Emphasize

A

To give special importance to when speaking or writing. Ex:The teacher emphasized the due date of the project.

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103
Q

Endure

A

To suffer through something difficult with patience. Ex:He has endured four knee operations so far.

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104
Q

Enhance

A

To intensify or magnify. Ex:The falling snow enhanced the beauty of the small village.

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105
Q

Epitome

A

A perfect example of something. Ex:The duchess is the epitome of class.

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106
Q

Equivalent

A

Equal. Ex:Twenty-four is equivalent to two dozen.

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107
Q

Erroneous

A

Incorrect. Ex:He apologized for his erroneous statement.

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108
Q

Estimate

A

An approximate value. Ex:Try to get an estimate of the number of people attending the concert.

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109
Q

Evade

A

To avoid or escape. Ex:By hiding in the bathroom, we were able to evade the intruder.

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110
Q

Evaluate

A

To assess. Ex:At the end of the class, every student will evaluate how well the professor taught.

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111
Q

Evidence

A

Facts or information that help prove or disprove something. Ex:These fossils are evidence of evolution.

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112
Q

Evolve

A

To gradually change. Ex:The small school evolved into a world-class institution.

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113
Q

Exemplary

A

Worthy of imitation. Ex:She is an exemplary student, and you should copy her study habits.

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114
Q

Exclude

A

To leave out. Ex:The young boy was excluded from his friends’ soccer game.

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115
Q

Exclusive

A

Not admitting the majority. Ex:We may not be able to get in since that club is very exclusive.

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116
Q

Expand

A

To increase in size. Ex:Adding air to bike tires will cause them to expand.

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117
Q

Expertise

A

Expert knowledge or skill in a particular field. Ex:The surgeon’s expertise is knee surgeries.

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118
Q

Exploit

A

To use selfishly. Ex:The company exploited its workers by making them work long hours.

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119
Q

Expose

A

To reveal or unmask. Ex:The emails presented exposed the company’s corruption.

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120
Q

Extension

A

An act of making something longer. Ex:If you’re sick on the day the paper is due, the teacher may give you an extension on the due date.

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121
Q

Extract

A

To get or remove something. Ex:The dentist extracted one of my teeth.

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122
Q

Famine

A

A time when there is an extreme lack of food. Ex:Millions of children in Ethiopia died due to the famine there.

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123
Q

Feasible

A

Possible to do. Ex:This study plan you made for me sounds feasible, even with my work schedule.

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124
Q

Finite

A

Having an end or limits. Ex:Remember that life is finite; you’re not immortal.

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125
Q

Flaw

A

A feature that ruins the perfection of something. Ex:I got the diamond for a reduced price since the stone had a flaw.

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126
Q

Fluctuate

A

To change continually. Ex:I’m not sure what to wear since the temperature has been fluctuating so much.

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127
Q

Focus

A

The central point or idea. Ex:The program is going to focus on environmental issues.

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128
Q

Fortify

A

To strengthen. Ex:The king decided to fortify the castle walls to protect them during attacks.

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129
Q

Framework

A

A skeletal structure designed to support something. Ex:Skyscrapers must have a strong framework to support all the floors.

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130
Q

Frivolous

A

Unnecessary; of little importance Ex:You must stop spending your money on frivolous purchases.

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131
Q

Function

A

A purpose natural to a person or thing. Ex:The function of petals is to attract insects to the plant.

132
Q

Fundamental

A

Of primary importance. Ex:Learning scales is fundamental to being a good piano player.

133
Q

Gap

A

A space in between to objects. Ex:Be careful to avoid the gap between the two steps.

134
Q

Garbled

A

Communication that is distorted and unclear. Ex:Our answering machine is so bad that people’s voices are always garbled.

135
Q

Generate

A

To produce. Ex:The fire generates heat, which keeps the room warm.

136
Q

Grandiose

A

Pompous; overly important. Ex:The actress had only one small part before she got grandiose ideas of her fame.

137
Q

Hackneyed

A

Overused and unoriginal. Ex:HIs poems contain many hackneyed phrases.

138
Q

Haphazard

A

Lacking planning. Ex:There was no schedule, so the event was very haphazard.

139
Q

Harsh

A

Not gentle; unpleasant. Ex:Her comments on my performance were very harsh and not kind at all.

140
Q

Hasty

A

In a hurry. Ex:In order to avoid the police, the robbers made a hasty retreat.

141
Q

Hazardous

A

Full of risk. Ex:The nuclear reactor has a lot of hazardous waste.

142
Q

Hesitate

A

To pause, often due to reluctance. Ex:She hesitated before entering the abandoned building.

143
Q

Hierarchy

A

A ranking system. Ex:In the office hierarchy, the manager is higher than the associate.

144
Q

Hindrance

A

Something that causes delay or resistance. Ex:Her hatred of public transportation is a hindrance when trying to get around New York City.

145
Q

Hollow

A

Empty inside. Ex:The dead tree is hollow.

146
Q

Horror

A

An intense feeling of fear. Ex:The haunted house filled me with horror.

147
Q

Hostile

A

Extremely unfriendly. Ex:My ex-boyfriend’s new girlfriend was very hostile towards me.

148
Q

Hypothesis

A

An unproven idea that attempts to explain something. Ex:You’ll need to conduct an experiment to test your hypothesis.

149
Q

Identical

A

Exactly the same. Ex:The twins were completely identical.

150
Q

Illiterate

A

Unable to read. Ex:Because he’d never been able to attend school, the man was illiterate.

151
Q

Illustrate

A

To explain by using an example. Ex:The professor illustrated the lesson with a personal story.

152
Q

Impact

A

Effect or influence. Ex:His moving words had a large impact on me.

153
Q

Impair

A

To worsen. Ex:Drinking alcohol will impair your driving abilities.

154
Q

Implement

A

To carry out. Ex:We will implement the new schedule starting next semester.

155
Q

Imply

A

To strongly suggest. Ex:My mother implied that I was the one who forgot to take out the trash.

156
Q

Impose

A

To force upon. Ex:After the riots, the mayor imposed a curfew on the town.

157
Q

Impoverish

A

To reduce to poverty. Ex:These medical bills are going to impoverish me.

158
Q

Incentive

A

A reason to do something. Ex:I hate my job, but the big paychecks are a good incentive to stick with it.

159
Q

Incessant

A

Continuing without pause. Ex:I can’t sleep because of the dog’s incessant barking.

160
Q

Incidental

A

A minor part. Ex:Don’t worry about your grade on this quiz; it’s only an incidental part of your grade.

161
Q

Incite

A

To urge on. Ex:The ringleader incited the soldiers to rebellion.

162
Q

Inclination

A

A preference. Ex:My inclination is to go to bed early.

163
Q

Incompetent

A

Incapable; lacking ability. Ex:The incompetent worker was fired from his job.

164
Q

Inconsistent

A

Changing randomly. Ex:His pitching has been very inconsistent all season.

165
Q

Indefatigable

A

Untiring. Ex:She is an indefatigable hiker and can walk all day.

166
Q

Indisputable

A

Not able to be challenged. Ex:She’s the indisputable star of the basketball team.

167
Q

Ineffective

A

Not producing any major impact. Ex:The drug was shown to be ineffective at curing cancer.

168
Q

Inevitable

A

Unable to be avoided. Ex:Even if you’re healthy, death is inevitable in the end.

169
Q

Infer

A

To guess based on evidence. Ex:I inferred that she was annoyed based on her body language.

170
Q

Inflate

A

To increase in size. Ex:Getting a promotion has really inflated his ego.

171
Q

Influence

A

The ability to have an impact of something. Ex:The older sister has been a positive influence on her younger siblings.

172
Q

Inhibit

A

To hinder or restrain. Ex:This cleaning spray inhibits the growth of bacteria.

173
Q

Initial

A

The first. Ex:She was the initial president of the company.

174
Q

Inquiry

A

An investigation to determine the truth. Ex:Congress launched an inquiry after the senator was accused of taking bribes.

175
Q

Integral

A

Necessary to complete the whole. Ex:You can’t quit. You’re an integral part of this team.

176
Q

Integrate

A

To combine. Ex:When making a cake, you need to fully integrate the wet and dry ingredients.

177
Q

Interpret

A

To explain the meaning of something. Ex:I need you to interpret this German speech for me.

178
Q

Intervene

A

To come between people, objects, or an event and change what is happening. Ex:When the toddlers couldn’t share their toys, their mothers had to intervene.

179
Q

Intrepid

A

Fearless. Ex:The intrepid mountain climber reached the top of Mt. Everest.

180
Q

Intricate

A

Highly detailed. Ex:The pattern on this blanket is so intricate.

181
Q

Invasive

A

Intrusive. Ex:We found the stranger’s questions too personal and very invasive.

182
Q

Investigate

A

To examine or study. Ex:The police are going to investigate the crime scene.

183
Q

Irascible

A

Easy to anger. Ex:Even though my grandfather seems irascible, he’s actually very loving.

184
Q

Irony

A

The use of words to give a meaning opposite to their literal meaning. Ex:“I love spending my Friday nights doing homework,” she said with irony.

185
Q

Irresolute

A

Uncertain. Ex:Not sure which direction to go in, he stood irresolute.

186
Q

Jargon

A

Words specific to a certain job or group. Ex:To be a successful doctor, you’ll need to learn a lot of medical jargon.

187
Q

Jointly

A

Together. Ex:The newlyweds jointly opened up a bank account.

188
Q

Knack

A

A special talent or skill. Ex:My brother has a real knack for solving tricky math problems.

189
Q

Labor

A

Work or effort. Ex:Building a house requires a lot of labor.

190
Q

Lag

A

To fall behind. Ex:I stayed with the front group of runners for the first few miles, but after that I began to lag.

191
Q

Lampoon

A

To mock or ridicule. Ex:The cartoonist lampooned the president’s speech.

192
Q

Languish

A

To become weak; to be neglected. Ex:During winter break, my plants languished since I was visiting my parents and couldn’t water them.

193
Q

Lecture

A

A talk given to an audience. Ex:The professor will give a 30 minute lecture before the quiz.

194
Q

Leery

A

Wary. Ex:I’m leery of taking the dark-looking shortcut.

195
Q

Legitimate

A

Lawful. Ex:The way he became mayor is completely legitimate.

196
Q

Lenient

A

Merciful; less harsh. Ex:The judge gave the criminal a lenient sentence due to his bad childhood.

197
Q

Likely

A

Probable. Ex:I don’t have much homework, so it’s likely I’ll be able to go out tonight.

198
Q

Ludicrous

A

Ridiculous. Ex:His claims about me are absolutely ludicrous.

199
Q

Maintain

A

To continue at the same level. Ex:She has maintained the same weight since high school.

200
Q

Major

A

Very important. Ex:This test is a major part of your final grade.

201
Q

Manipulate

A

To influence, especially in an unfair way. Ex:He tried to manipulate the results of the election.

202
Q

Maximize

A

To increase to the greatest possible size. Ex:The store’s goal this year is to maximize its profit.

203
Q

Measure

A

To find the size and dimensions of something. Ex:By measuring the tree, I found it was seven feet tall.

204
Q

Mediocre

A

Ordinary, average. Ex:The meal the chef made was only mediocre.

205
Q

Mend

A

To fix. Ex:My mother will mend the hole in my shirt.

206
Q

Method

A

A way of doing something. Ex:Her method for making bread takes three days.

207
Q

Migrate

A

To move from one place to another. Ex:Every fall, the geese migrate to Florida.

208
Q

Minimum

A

The smallest or lowest amount possible. Ex:You need to get a minimum of 70% on the test to pass the class.

209
Q

Misleading

A

Giving the wrong idea. Ex:The advertisement for the weight loss pills is very misleading since studies have shown they’re ineffective.

210
Q

Modify

A

To change. Ex:I need to modify my style so it looks more professional.

211
Q

Morose

A

Gloomy, depressed. Ex:The boy was morose after hearing he didn’t make the football team.

212
Q

Negligent

A

Lazy, neglectful. Ex:The negligent babysitter invited her friends over while the children were upstairs.

213
Q

Nonchalant

A

Indifferent, unexcited. Ex:I was hurt when my friend greeted me so nonchalantly.

214
Q

Obey

A

To follow orders or instructions. Ex:My dog always obeys me when I ask her to sit.

215
Q

Obtain

A

To get. Ex:The spy obtained the secret codes we need.

216
Q

Obvious

A

Easily understood. Ex:The large poster of Michael Jackson over her bed made it obvious who her favorite singer was.

217
Q

Opponent

A

Someone on the opposite side for a game or contest. Ex:The soccer player blocked her opponent’s shot at the goal.

218
Q

Oppress

A

To unfairly burden. Ex:For the past ten generations the royal family has oppressed the peasants by keeping them in poverty.

219
Q

Origin

A

The source; where something began. Ex:The explorers are trying to find the origin of the Nile.

220
Q

Paradigm

A

A typical example of something. Ex:This work of art is a paradigm of the period; you’ll see many examples of it in the museum.

221
Q

Parsimonious

A

Frugal, stingy. Ex:The parsimonious woman only donated a dollar to charity.

222
Q

Partake

A

To join in. Ex:My leg was feeling much better, so I decided to partake in the soccer match.

223
Q

Partial

A

Preferring one option over others. Ex:We can get strawberry ice cream, but I’m actually more partial to chocolate.

224
Q

Paucity

A

Something existing in very small amounts; scarcity. Ex:During the drought, the town had a paucity of fresh water.

225
Q

Peak

A

The highest or most important point. Ex:Winning the championship was the peak of his career.

226
Q

Peripheral

A

Located on the side or edge. Ex:There are some peripheral fights going on at the outdoor concert.

227
Q

Permeate

A

To penetrate or pass through. Ex:Let the maple syrup permeate your waffles before eating them.

228
Q

Persist

A

To continue, especially when facing opposition. Ex:I may have lost my last six games, but I will continue to persist trying to win.

229
Q

Pertain

A

Relate. Ex:How does your question pertain to the lecture?

230
Q

Phase

A

A period or stage in a process. Ex:In high school, I went through a phase where I only wore black clothes.

231
Q

Poll

A

A record of opinions or votes. Ex:The polls show that my candidate is going to win the election.

232
Q

Potent

A

Powerful. Ex:Only take one sleeping pill since they’re very potent.

233
Q

Pragmatic

A

Practical, sensible. Ex:Your boyfriend is too dramatic. I think you need a more pragmatic man.

234
Q

Praise

A

To give approval or admiration. Ex:The book is the best I’ve ever read; I can’t praise it enough.

235
Q

Precede

A

To come before. Ex:The flower girls preceded the bride when they walked down the aisle.

236
Q

Precise

A

Exact. Ex:When collecting data, it’s important that your measurements are very precise.

237
Q

Prestigious

A

Having a high reputation. Ex:Harvard is one of the most prestigious colleges in the United States.

238
Q

Prevalent

A

Widespread. Ex:If more people don’t start washing their hands, disease will become more prevalent.

239
Q

Primary

A

First; most important. Ex:Maeve’s primary goal in life is to become a doctor.

240
Q

Prior

A

Previous or earlier. Ex:Prior to becoming a teacher, Elena worked as a book editor.

241
Q

Proceed

A

To continue doing something. Ex:I’m sorry for interrupting; please proceed with your speech.

242
Q

Progeny

A

Offspring. Ex:The dog’s progeny all have yellow fur.

243
Q

Promote

A

To further to progress of something. Ex:I’m promoting this new indie movie so that more people will buy tickets to it.

244
Q

Prosper

A

To do well. Ex:Dave hopes his new business will prosper and make him a millionaire.

245
Q

Proximity

A

Nearness in time or space. Ex:The twins hated to be apart, so they bought houses in close proximity to each other.

246
Q

Quarrel

A

Disagreement or fight; to have an argument. Ex:Nina and her boyfriend always quarrel over money.

247
Q

Range

A

The distance between two things, often the maximum and the minimum. Ex:The range of ages at the concert spanned from 12 to 65.

248
Q

Rank

A

An official position or station. Ex:Archibald was promoted to the rank of first captain.

249
Q

Rebuke

A

To sternly disapprove or reprimand. Ex:After staying out too late, Grace received a rebuke from her parents.

250
Q

Recapitulate

A

To give a brief summary. Ex:At the end of his speech, the politician made sure to recapitulate his main points.

251
Q

Recede

A

To retreat. Ex:Two days after the flood, the seawater finally began to recede from our house.

252
Q

Recommend

A

To present someone with confidence and approval. Ex:I need to ask Mr. Smith if he’ll recommend me for this leadership position.

253
Q

Reform

A

To make changes that improve something. Ex:Melanie’s father is in charge of reforming to school system.

254
Q

Regulate

A

To supervise or control a process so that it functions correctly. Ex:Ben needs to regulate how much he eats in order to stay at a healthy weight.

255
Q

Reinforce

A

To strengthen with added support. Ex:The builders reinforced the house’s wooden frame with steel beams.

256
Q

Reject

A

To say no to something that is offered. Ex:Lydia rejected my invitation to the homecoming dance.

257
Q

Release

A

To free; to allow to be known. Ex:The CEO decided to release the company’s profits from last year.

258
Q

Rely

A

To depend on. Ex:I rely on coffee to get my through my mornings.

259
Q

Reproach

A

To express disapproval or disappointment. Ex:The coach reproached the players for failing to play their best.

260
Q

Require

A

To need for a specific purpose. Ex:The camping trip requires that every participant bring their own food and sleeping bag.

261
Q

Resent

A

To feel bitterness or anger towards someone or something. Ex:I’ve always resented my sister because she is my mother’s favorite child.

262
Q

Resign

A

To give up an office or position. Ex:Due to his declining health, the mayor decided to resign from office.

263
Q

Resist

A

To withstand the effect of. Ex:Resist the impulse to have ice cream for breakfast.

264
Q

Resolve

A

To come to a firm decision. Ex:Matt resolved to get better grades next semester by studying every night.

265
Q

Restrict

A

To confine or keep within limits. Ex:My doctor told me to restrict myself to one glass of wine a day.

266
Q

Retain

A

To continue to do something or keep something. Ex:I’ve decided to retain my normal hairstyle.

267
Q

Retract

A
  1. To draw back in.
  2. To withdraw something after it’s found to be untrue. Ex:1. I felt calmer after the lion retracted its claws.
  3. After numerous errors were found, the newspaper retracted the story.
268
Q

Retrieve

A

To bring back. Ex:Alexis got out of the car to retrieve the ball her little brother had thrown.

269
Q

Rhetorical

A

Used just for style or impact. Ex:You aren’t expected to actually answer rhetorical questions.

270
Q

Rigid

A

Stiff; unyielding. Ex:The boys’ father was happy to see the base of the treehouse was rigid and sturdy.

271
Q

Rotate

A

To turn. Ex:Rotate the sculpture so I can see the other side.

272
Q

Safeguard

A

Something that serves as protection or ensures safety. Ex:A retirement fund is one way to safeguard your finances for the future.

273
Q

Scrutinize

A

To very carefully examine. Ex:The judges were looking for perfection, so they scrutinized every entry.

274
Q

Section

A

A part of the whole. Ex:This section of the stadium dressed completely in red.

275
Q

Select

A

To choose. Ex:Jane selected a blue dress to wear to the wedding.

276
Q

Sequence

A

Things that follow each other in a certain order. Ex:Librarians need to know how order books in the correct sequence.

277
Q

Severe

A
  1. Harsh or strict.
  2. Grave, critical. Ex:1. The robbers suffered severe consequences for stealing.
  3. My uncle is currently battling a severe illness in the hospital.
278
Q

Shallow

A

Not deep. Ex:You don’t need to worry about getting your dress wet. The water is very shallow here.

279
Q

Shelter

A

To protect from something harmful. Ex:The empty barn gave the men shelter during the storm.

280
Q

Shrink

A

To become smaller. Ex:Hopefully this cream will cause my scar to shrink.

281
Q

Significant

A

Important, noteworthy. Ex:The Gettysburg Address was a significant event during the Civil War.

282
Q

Source

A

A person, place, or thing where something was obtained. Ex:You shouldn’t use Wikipedia as a source when writing school papers.

283
Q

Sparse

A

Thinly scattered. Ex:The farm was almost empty; there were just a few sparse trees here and there.

284
Q

Specify

A

To clearly indicate which one. Ex:You need to specify which size shirt you want before I can order it.

285
Q

Speculate

A

To form a theory without strong evidence. Ex:My sister loves to speculate on the private lives of celebrities.

286
Q

Solitary

A

Alone; without others. Ex:The hermit lives a solitary existence deep in the mountains.

287
Q

Somber

A

Gloomy; depressing. Ex:After losing the competition, the chess players were very somber.

288
Q

Soothe

A

To calm or comfort. Ex:The mother sang a lullaby to soothe her crying baby.

289
Q

Squalid

A

Filthy and unpleasant. Ex:The shelter was squalid and overcrowded.

290
Q

Stable

A

Unlikely to change or fail. Ex:We’re lucky to live in a country with such a stable government.

291
Q

Stagnant

A

Sluggish, showing little movement. Ex:With few new jobs created, the economy has remained stagnant for the past five years.

292
Q

Strategy

A

A plan to reach a desired outcome. Ex:The football team will need a good strategy to win the game tomorrow.

293
Q

Subsequent

A

Coming after something in time. Ex:The first king was a good ruler, but subsequent kings have all been corrupt.

294
Q

Substitute

A

A person or thing acting in place of another. Ex:If you don’t have sugar, honey makes a good substitute for this recipe.

295
Q

Subtle

A

Difficult to notice right away. Ex:Maya’s perfume was very subtle; you had to get close to her to smell it.

296
Q

Sufficient

A

Enough to serve a particular purpose. Ex:Make sure you have sufficient food for the camping trip.

297
Q

Summarize

A

To briefly give the main points. Ex:The class didn’t have time to read the book, so the professor summarized it for them.

298
Q

Supervise

A

To oversee work or a process. Ex:My dad didn’t think we were old enough to build the fort on our own, so he supervised us.

299
Q

Supplant

A

To take the place of something else. Ex:The king was supplanted by his treacherous younger brother who locked him in the dungeon.

300
Q

Suspend

A
  1. To temporarily stop.
  2. To hang something from somewhere. Ex:1. The power outage suspended the school concert.
  3. The lamp is suspended from the high ceiling.
301
Q

Suspicious

A

Having the belief that someone is doing something dishonest or illegal. Ex:The couple became suspicious when they saw strange men removing their neighbor’s expensive electronics during the night.

302
Q

Sustain

A

To keep going. Ex:I stopped trying to sustain the friendship after he made fun of how I looked.

303
Q

Symbolic

A

Serving as a symbol. Ex:A cross is symbolic of Christianity.

304
Q

Technical

A

Relating to a specific subject or craft. Ex:The laptop manual is full of technical terms only a computer expert can understand.

305
Q

Terminal

A

Situated at the end. Ex:Everyone on the train must get off at the terminal stop.

306
Q

Tolerate

A

To put up with. Ex:I tolerate the rude man since he is my husband’s best friend.

307
Q

Transfer

A

To move from one place to another. Ex:Ben’s work is going to transfer him from Chicago to Detroit.

308
Q

Transition

A

Changing from one state or condition to another. Ex:The transition from student to employee can often take awhile to get used to.

309
Q

Transparent

A
  1. See-through material.
  2. Easy to detect. Ex:1. The glass vase is completely transparent.
  3. Her attempt to flatter the movie star was very transparent.
310
Q

Tuition

A

The fee for instruction at a school. Ex:College tuition prices have gone up in recent decades.

311
Q

Unobtrusive

A

Not attracting attention. Ex:The prince’s bodyguards had mastered the art of being unobtrusive.

312
Q

Unscathed

A

Unharmed. Ex:Ian was lucky to walk away from the car crash unscathed.

313
Q

Upbeat

A

Happy; optimistic. Ex:Even when she’s having a bad day, my mom always has an upbeat attitude.

314
Q

Unjust

A

Unfair. Ex:Since I tried my hardest on the exam, I felt my teacher’s criticism of me was unjust.

315
Q

Vacillate

A

To waver or be indecisive. Ex:She vacillated between the two dresses before finally deciding to wear a skirt.

316
Q

Valid

A

Just; well-founded. Ex:The soldiers had valid concerns about the battles they’d be facing.

317
Q

Vanish

A

To disappear quickly. Ex:The plane vanished behind the clouds.

318
Q

Vary

A

To be different from something else in a group. Ex:

319
Q

Verdict

A

A judgement or decision. Ex:The jury delivered a guilty verdict.

320
Q

Vestige

A

A small trace of something that is disappearing or has already disappeared. Ex:The empty castle still had a few vestiges of its former wealth.

321
Q

Vial

A

A small container used to hold liquids. Ex:The chemist carefully filled the vial with the bubbling solution.

322
Q

Vilify

A

To speak poorly of; to slander. Ex:Mark was vilified by his angry ex-girlfriend.

323
Q

Voluminous

A

Taking up a lot of space. Ex:The puffy wedding dress had voluminous sleeves.

324
Q

Whereas

A

On the contrary. Ex:I always save my money whereas my brother is constantly in debt.

325
Q

Wholly

A

Completely. Ex:The monk is wholly devoted to his faith.

326
Q

Widespread

A

Occurring over a large region. Ex:There is widespread poverty across that country.

327
Q

Wilt

A

To droop and become limp. Ex:Plants will wilt if you don’t water them regularly.

TOEFL 1 (2 decks)

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