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TOEFL 1 > List 1 > Flashcards

List 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Abandon (verb)

A

to leave something or someone; to give up something. Ex: His parents abandoned him when he was a baby.

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2
Q

Accumulate (verb)

A

to increase something gradually. Ex: The Hudsons have accumulated a great fortune.

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3
Q

Acquire (verb)

A

to get something (usually of great value). Ex: He acquired the firm in 2020.

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4
Q

Acquisition (noun)

A

the act of taking possession of something. Ex: The company’s recent acquisition is a new business.

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5
Q

Adapt (verb)

A

to get used to something to suit new conditions. Ex: We will have to adapt to new challenges

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6
Q

Addictive (adjective)

A

making you want to consume or do it more and more. Ex: This new drug is highly addictive

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7
Q

Adequate (adjective)

A

enough or satisfactory for a purpose. Ex: With adequate means and time scientists will be able to find a cure for cancer

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8
Q

Adjust (verb)

A

to change something to make it more correct or suitable. Ex

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9
Q

Adversely (adverb)

A

negatively. Ex: The president’s decision to cut social spending adversely affected his popularity rating.

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10
Q

Advocate (verb)

A

to speak in favor of something (defender). Ex:

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11
Q

Affluent (adjective)

A

very rich. Ex: Schools in affluent neighborhoods are considered to provide higher quality education.

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12
Q

Aggregate (adjective)

A

total. Ex: The aggregate turnover of our company in two recent years has been around $10 million.

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13
Q

Allegedly (adverb)

A

according to what people say; presumably (supposedly). Ex: The CEO of our company allegedly used the company’s finances for his own needs.

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14
Q

Allocate (verb)

A

to give certain amounts of something for different purposes. Ex: In my opinion, the government should allocate more money for education.

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15
Q

Amend (verb)

A

to change (correct) something (especially the words of the text). Ex: The bill is to be amended in future editions.

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16
Q

Anticipate (verb)

A

to expect something will happen. Ex: We are anticipating a large number of sign-ups for the website.

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17
Q

Arbitrary (adjective)

A

based on chance rather than being planned. Ex: Your decision to invest all your money in NVIDIA stocks seems a bit arbitrary, don’t you think?

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18
Q

Assess (verb)

A

to estimate (evaluate) the value of something. Ex: I suggest you get it assessed by the assessment company.

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19
Q

Asset (noun)

A

something useful. Ex: Real estate is considered to be your asset while your car is more of a liability

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20
Q

Assimilate (verb)

A

to incorporate; to become similar. Ex: Now the authorities are working on programs that could help assimilate refugees into society.

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21
Q

Augment (verb)

A

to make something bigger or better (increase). Ex: People now have to find a second job to augment their income.

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22
Q

Inclined to (expression)

A

to be likely to choose something. Ex:

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23
Q

Biased (adjective)

A

showing an unreasonable preference or dislike based on personal opinion. Ex: Your decision seems biased to me.

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24
Q

Cease (verb)

A

to stop doing something. Ex: The company decided to cease all investments in alternative energy resources

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25
Q

Chronologically (adverb)

A

in order of time. Ex: Arrange the events chronologically.

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26
Q

Circulate (verb)

A

to move throughout an area or group; to move in a circular motion. Ex: Blood circulates through your body faster when you exercise.

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27
Q

Civil (adjective)

A

relating to ordinary people (not to church or military organizations). Ex: In a civil lawsuit against your neighbors, you claim that they have illegally appropriated a part of your land.

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28
Q

Commodity (noun)

A

a physical thing that can be bought, sold, or traded. We use the word “commodity” when talking about a marketplace for investors that permits trading in commodities such as crude oil, precious metals, spices, grains, etc. However, when speaking of something a consumer would buy, such as grains, we would refer to them as products, not commodities. Ex: The commodity market grows during times of inflation.

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29
Q

Compensate (verb)

A

to make up for something. Ex: they compensate employees with additional bonuses

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30
Q

Complication (noun)

A

something that makes things more difficult. Ex: We’ve had a slight complication with your case.

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31
Q

Consciously (adverb)

A

intentionally. Ex: You should treat your responsibilities more consciously if you want to keep working here.

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32
Q

Consequence (noun)

A

something that happens as a result of something. Ex: Some consequences of global warming include higher risks of floods and fires.

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33
Q

Constraint (noun)

A

something that limits something or someone. Ex: There are some budget constraints we need to consider before we can do this project.

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34
Q

Contamination (noun)

A

to make something dirty or poisonous. Ex:

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35
Q

Contemplate (verb)

A

to consider something thoughtfully. Ex: Mike is contemplating moving abroad.

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36
Q

Convey (verb)

A

to express a thought or a feeling so it could be understood by other people. Ex: You don’t want to convey the impression that we are not interested.

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37
Q

Convict (verb/noun)

A

to decide that someone is guilty; a person who is convicted. Ex: You don’t want to convey the impression that we are not interested. / The convict is to be put in prison next week.

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38
Q

Cure (verb/noun)

A

to make someone healthy; get rid of an illness; something that makes people healthy again. Ex: Mike was cured of his long-term drug addiction. / Unfortunately, there is no cure for this disease.

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39
Q

Curriculum (noun)

A

courses of study offered by an educational institution. Ex: My university curriculum includes English studies.

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40
Q

Decline (verb)

A

to decrease in power or amount; to refuse. Ex: Radical ideas tend to decline in popularity once they exist for a couple of months. / I am sorry to decline your offer but I am not interested now.

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41
Q

Degrade (verb)

A

to get worse. Ex: I am sorry to decline your offer but I am not interested now.

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42
Q

Deplete (verb)

A

to decrease the amount of something (especially of natural supplies). Ex: National crop reserves were greatly depleted last year

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43
Q

Determine (verb)

A

to control or influence something; to decide what will happen. Ex: The authorities will determine which schools and hospitals need to be renovated this year.

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44
Q

Diminish (verb)

A

make something or become smaller or weaker. Ex: Mr. John’s influence in the company diminished once he made decisions that were unpopular with most workers.

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45
Q

Discretely (adverb)

A

separately; distinctly. Ex: In order to understand how the engine worked, each component needed to be studied discretely.

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46
Q

Dispose of (verb)

A

get rid of something or someone. Ex: There are rules about how to properly dispose of radioactive chemicals.

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47
Q

Distinctly (adverb)

A

clearly. Ex: I distinctly said not to touch anything in my room!

48
Q

Diverse (adjective)

A

various. Ex: With the introduction of new social laws and incentives, many international companies are trying to be as diverse as possible when hiring new employees.

49
Q

Domesticate (verb)

A

to make something suitable for being in a home. Ex: Dogs were probably the first animals to be domesticated.

50
Q

Elaborate (verb)

A

to add more information to explain something in detail. Ex: I would like to elaborate on this topic.

51
Q

Emission (noun)

A

the act of sending out gas, heat, light, etc. Ex: Fuel emissions are one of the most hazardous for people to inhale.

52
Q

Equity (noun)

A

value of one’s share in an investment. Ex: He sold his equity in the company last year

53
Q

Evolve (verb)

A

to develop gradually. Ex: Doctors do not recommend taking antibiotics every time you fall ill, as this might result in bacteria evolving resistance to the treatment.

54
Q

Explicit (adjective)

A

clear and exact. Ex: I believe I am being rather explicit about my future plans within the company.

55
Q

Exploit (verb)

A

to take advantage of something in order to get profit. Ex: The company’s been exploiting its employees’ fear of being fired.

56
Q

Exponentially (adverb)

A

at a very fast rate. Ex: Our company is growing exponentially in finances and human resources.

57
Q

Famine (noun)

A

severe hunger; drastic food shortage. Ex: Many Irish immigrants came to the US during the Irish potato famine of the 1840s.

58
Q

Feasible (adjective)

A

possible to be made or done. Ex: It may be feasible to use artificial intelligence in your thesis, but is it ethical?

59
Q

Gap (noun)

A

a difference in amount or quality. Ex: The age gap is one of the reasons for misunderstandings between parents and children.

60
Q

Grotesque (adjective)

A

strange and unpleasant. Ex: He was accused of grotesque misuse of the company’s profits.

61
Q

Gut (verb)

A

to destroy the insides of something. Ex: The building was gutted by fire.

62
Q

Hazardous (adjective)

A

extremely dangerous. Ex: Beware of hazardous materials when choosing toys for your children.

63
Q

Impact (verb/noun)

A

to have an influence on something; a powerful influence on something. Ex: His speech about the importance of education and self-development greatly impacted me. / His speech about the importance of education and self-development had a great impact on me.

64
Q

Implement (verb)

A

to bring something into use. Ex: The changes in the tax system will be implemented next year.

65
Q

Implicit (adjective)

A

suggested but not stated clearly. Ex: The experiment aims to measure people’s implicit bias towards different social strata.

66
Q

Incentive (noun)

A

a possible benefit that motivates people to do something. Ex: Tax incentives are a great tool to motivate people to save and invest money.

67
Q

Increasingly (adverb)

A

to a bigger extent; more and more. Ex: People are becoming increasingly concerned about the foreseeable economic crisis.

68
Q

Indisputable (adjective)

A

unquestionable. Ex: The jury found her guilty because they found the facts of the case indisputable.

69
Q

Inflation (noun)

A

the process of depreciation of money. Ex: The rate of inflation in the US is around 3.5% now.

70
Q

Inherent (adjective)

A

naturally characteristic of something. Ex: His inherent talent to paint brought him fame and fortune.

71
Q

Integrally (adverb)

A

in a whole or complete manner. Ex: The question of our financing is integrally related to this matter.

72
Q

Integrity (noun)

A

personal honesty and good character. Ex: Miriam demonstrated integrity toward our company, and we should commend her for that.

73
Q

Intensify (verb)

A

to increase in power. Ex: The disagreements between the committee members about the future of the school intensified.

74
Q

Intervene (verb)

A

to intentionally get involved in a difficult situation to settle it. Ex: Central banks can intervene in currency markets to stabilize the exchange rate.

75
Q

Liability (noun)

A

a legal responsibility for doing something; a debt; a disadvantage. Ex: He denies any liability for the damage. / The business’ liabilities make up more than $2 million. / Mike is just a liability to the team. He hasn’t done anything useful for us.

76
Q

Maintenance (noun)

A

the act of keeping something in good condition. Ex: Car maintenance might become a serious liability

77
Q

Merit (noun)

A

value; quality of being good and deserving praise for it. Ex: There are a lot of universities that offer merit-based scholarships.

78
Q

Net (noun)

A

money left after you have subtracted the cost of what you are selling and other expenses related to the selling process. Ex: What is your company’s net profit?

79
Q

Notion (noun)

A

a belief or idea. Ex: The notion that older people are more experienced and knowledgeable is a bit biased.

80
Q

Occur (verb)

A

happen. Ex: If any new symptoms occur, visit the hospital immediately.

81
Q

Overlap (verb)

A

to cover some parts of something else; to share some common parts. Ex: I am afraid our goals do not overlap at all.

82
Q

Paradigm (noun)

A

A pattern or model; a set of assumptions. Ex: The usual paradigm for economic growth in developed countries might not apply to some poor nations.

83
Q

Per capita (adverb/adjective)

A

amount for each person. Ex: Our company sells 15 garment pieces per capita each year.

84
Q

Permeate (verb)

A

to spread through something and become part of it. Ex: The surface is coated with some plastic to prevent liquids from permeating into the wood.

85
Q

Persevere (verb)

A

to continue doing something despite all the difficulties. Ex: Despite all the challenges, our team will persevere with the project.

86
Q

Predicament (noun)

A

a difficult situation that is hard to get out of. Ex: I was hoping to get a loan from a bank to escape my financial predicament.

87
Q

Prejudiced (adjective)

A

showing unreasonable dislike toward someone or something. Ex: You cannot be on the jury as you are clearly prejudiced against the suspect.

88
Q

Prevailing (adjective)

A

strongest and most common. Ex: The prevailing belief is that inflation is going to go up.

89
Q

Privileged (adjective)

A

having a special advantage. Ex: Despite her privileged position, she tried to act as an ordinary person.

90
Q

Promote (verb)

A

to give someone a raise or a higher position; to spread some ideas in favor of them. Ex: He was promoted to regional manager / I believe some ideas should not be promoted in schools.

91
Q

Prosper (verb)

A

to do very well (in one’s business or life). Ex: Their company has been prospering for years.

92
Q

Regulate (verb)

A

to control something. Ex: The stock and bond markets are regulated by the Central Bank.

93
Q

Retrieve (verb)

A

to get something back. Ex: The files were retrieved from the computer.

94
Q

Subsidy (noun)

A

money given by a government or other organization to support an activity. Ex: How are you planning to spend the government subsidy?

95
Q

Surveillance (noun)

A

the act of watching a person or a place. Ex: This place has been under surveillance 24/7. There are cameras everywhere.

96
Q

Suspend (verb)

A

to cause to stop for some time. Ex: Mike was suspended from his position as CEO.

97
Q

Tangible (adjective)

A

real; able to be touched, seen, experienced. Ex: We need some tangible evidence to take this case to court.

98
Q

Tolerate (verb)

A

to accept beliefs and ideas that are different from yours, and with which you don’t agree with. Ex: I will not tolerate that kind of behavior.

99
Q

Trigger (verb)

A

to initiate or cause something. Ex: These amendments might trigger some dissatisfaction among people.

100
Q

Unleash (verb)

A

to release a thing or emotion. Ex: The new product is set to unleash a wave of innovation in the tech industry, revolutionizing how we interact with everyday devices.

101
Q

turnover

A

rotation, rotation, Income, Sales. Ex: The bakery had a turnover of $100,000 last month./ The company faced high turnover, losing 10 employees in three months. / The store’s inventory turnover was 5 times last year, indicating good sales.

102
Q

Undoubtedly (adverb)

A

Certainly. Ex: he is undoubtedly the best candidate for the job

103
Q

Features

A

Characteristic. Ex: his plan combines the best features of the earlier proposals.

104
Q

Astounding

A

Amazing. Ex: your ignorance is astounding

105
Q

Riveting

A

Fascinating. Ex: Mc queens personal biography is equally as riveting as the clothes he made

106
Q

Cottoned

A

Realized. Ex: the newcomer has cottoned to that fact

107
Q

Tweaked

A

Modified. Ex: we just wanted to tweak his original idea.

108
Q

Slouch

A

Flexible. Loose. Relaxed.

109
Q

Shruken

A

Reduced. Ex: I was shocked to see her shrunken body

110
Q

Panache

A

Style. The orchestra played with great panache

111
Q

Chopped up

A

Divide. Cut up. Fragment. Ex: she chopped up the nuts and added them to the cookie dough

112
Q

Dough

A

Mass. Ex: roll out the dough into one large circle

113
Q

Reassembled

A

Reorganize. Ex: we will try to reassemble pieces of the wreckage.

114
Q

Wreckage

A

Ruins. Hulk. Ex: he surveyed the wreckage of his expensive equipment

115
Q

Burgeoning

A

Quickly expanding

TOEFL 1 (2 decks)

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