List One BioChemistry Flashcards
a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer.
Monomer
a simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl (—COOH) and an amino (—NH2) group.
Amino Acid
a covalent chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other molecule, causing the release of a molecule of water, hence the process is a dehydration synthesis reaction, and usually occurs between amino acids.
Peptide Bond
The substance acted upon by an enzyme.
Substrate
destroy the characteristic properties of (a protein or other biological macromolecule) by heat, acidity, or other effects that disrupt its molecular conformation.
Denature
(of a reaction or process) accompanied by the release of heat; formed from its constituent elements with a net release of heat.
Exothermic
the energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water through 1 °C, equal to one thousand small calories and often used to measure the energy value of foods.
Calorie
any of the class of sugars (e.g., glucose) that cannot be hydrolyzed to give a simpler sugar.
Monosaccharide
a substance that has a molecular structure consisting chiefly or entirely of a large number of similar units bonded together, e.g., many synthetic organic materials used as plastics and resins.
Polymer
the minimum quantity of energy that the reacting species must possess in order to undergo a specified reaction.
Activation energy
(of a reaction or process) accompanied by or requiring the absorption of heat.
Endothermic
any of a large group of organic compounds occurring in foods and living tissues and including sugars, starch, and cellulose. They contain hydrogen and oxygen in the same ratio as water (2:1) and typically can be broken down to release energy in the animal body.
Carbohydrates
a complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain.
Nucleic Acid
any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds that consist of large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living organisms, especially as structural components of body tissues such as muscle, hair, collagen, etc., and as enzymes and antibodies
Protein
a region on an enzyme that binds to a protein or other substance during a reaction.
Active site
A substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.
Enzyme
any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. They include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids.
Lipid
of, relating to, or derived from living matter;
of, relating to, or denoting compounds containing carbon (other than simple binary compounds and salts) and chiefly or ultimately of biological origin;
of or relating to a bodily organ or organs
Organic
a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction.
Reactant
a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change
Catalyst
a chemical substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction; “a product of lime and nitric acid”
Product
