List One BioChemistry

Question 0

a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer.

Answer 0

Monomer

Question 1

a simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl (—COOH) and an amino (—NH2) group.

Answer 1

Amino Acid

Question 2

a covalent chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other molecule, causing the release of a molecule of water, hence the process is a dehydration synthesis reaction, and usually occurs between amino acids.

Answer 2

Peptide Bond

Question 3

The substance acted upon by an enzyme.

Answer 3

Substrate

Question 4

destroy the characteristic properties of (a protein or other biological macromolecule) by heat, acidity, or other effects that disrupt its molecular conformation.

Answer 4

Denature

Question 5

(of a reaction or process) accompanied by the release of heat; formed from its constituent elements with a net release of heat.

Answer 5

Exothermic

Question 6

the energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water through 1 °C, equal to one thousand small calories and often used to measure the energy value of foods.

Answer 6

Calorie

Question 7

any of the class of sugars (e.g., glucose) that cannot be hydrolyzed to give a simpler sugar.

Answer 7

Monosaccharide

Question 8

a substance that has a molecular structure consisting chiefly or entirely of a large number of similar units bonded together, e.g., many synthetic organic materials used as plastics and resins.

Answer 8

Polymer

Question 9

the minimum quantity of energy that the reacting species must possess in order to undergo a specified reaction.

Answer 9

Activation energy

Question 10

(of a reaction or process) accompanied by or requiring the absorption of heat.

Answer 10

Endothermic

Question 11

any of a large group of organic compounds occurring in foods and living tissues and including sugars, starch, and cellulose. They contain hydrogen and oxygen in the same ratio as water (2:1) and typically can be broken down to release energy in the animal body.

Answer 11

Carbohydrates

Question 12

a complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain.

Answer 12

Nucleic Acid

Question 13

any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds that consist of large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living organisms, especially as structural components of body tissues such as muscle, hair, collagen, etc., and as enzymes and antibodies

Answer 13

Protein

Question 14

a region on an enzyme that binds to a protein or other substance during a reaction.

Answer 14

Active site

Question 15

A substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.

Answer 15

Enzyme

Question 16

any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. They include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids.

Answer 16

Lipid

Question 17

of, relating to, or derived from living matter;
of, relating to, or denoting compounds containing carbon (other than simple binary compounds and salts) and chiefly or ultimately of biological origin;
of or relating to a bodily organ or organs

Answer 17

Organic

Question 18

a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction.

Answer 18

Reactant

Question 19

a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change

Answer 19

Catalyst

Question 20

a chemical substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction; “a product of lime and nitric acid”

Answer 20

Product