liquids, heat, soundwaves, light

Question 1

Force / Area

Answer 1

Pressure

Question 2

force divided by area over which force is exerted

Answer 2

Pressure

Question 3

density x depth

Answer 3

Liquid pressure

Question 4

pressure and liquid exerts depends on (2):

Answer 4

1. Depth

2. Density of liquid

Question 5

Liquids are practically _______.

Answer 5

incompressible.

except for small changes produced by temperature, density of a particular liquid is practically the same at all depths

Question 6

____ is the key to increased pressure.

Answer 6

depth

Question 7

When liquid presses against a surface, there is a net force that is ______ to the surface.

Answer 7

Perpendicular

Question 8

Loss of weight experienced by objects submerged in a liquid

Answer 8

buoyancy

Question 9

when submerged, water exerts an upward force on the object that is exactly opposite to the direction of gravity’s pull

Answer 9

buoyant force

Question 10

a completely submerged object always displaces a volume of liquid equal to its own volume

Answer 10

buoyancy

Question 11

An immersed object is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces

Answer 11

Archimedes’ Principle

Question 12

The ____ determines the buoyant force

Answer 12

volume

Question 13

whether an object will sink or float depends on how the buoyant force compares with the object’s ____.

Answer 13

weight

Question 14

A floating object displaces a weight of fluid equal to its own weight

Answer 14

Principle of Flotation

Question 15

A denser fluid exerts a greater _____ ____ than a less dense fluid.

Answer 15

buoyant force

Question 16

A change in pressure at any point in an enclosed fluid at rest is transmitted undiminished to all points in the fluid.

Answer 16

Pascal’s Principle

Question 17

Contractive tendency of the surface of liquids is called

Answer 17

surface tension

Question 18

the rise of liquid in a fine, hollow tube or in a narrow space

Answer 18

capillarity

Question 19

attraction between unlike substances

Answer 19

adhesion

Question 20

attraction between like substances

Answer 20

cohesion

Question 21

the property of fluid to resist motion

Answer 21

viscosity

Question 22

quantity that indicates how warm or cold an object is with respect to some standard

Answer 22

temperature

Question 23

____ is proportional to the average “translational” kinetic energy of molecular motion.

Answer 23

temperature

Question 24

The energy transferred from one object to another because of a temperature difference between objects

Answer 24

heat

Question 25

energy in transit

Answer 25

heat

Question 26

grand total of all energies inside a substance

Answer 26

internal energy

Question 27

Heat always flows from ___ to ___.

Answer 27

hot to cold

Question 28

heat is measured in ____and/or ____.

Answer 28

joules and/or calories

Question 29

the amount of heat required to change the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 Celsius degree

Answer 29

Calorie

Question 30

In reality, the heat unit to label food is actually the ____.

Answer 30

kiloCalorie (1000 calories)

Question 31

how well a solid object conducts heat depends on the bonding within its atomic or molecular structure

Answer 31

conduction

Question 32

Most ___ and ___ are poor conductors of heat.

Answer 32

liquids and gases

Question 33

heat transfer due to the actual motion of fluid/gas

Answer 33

convection

Question 34

transfer of energy by means of electromagnetic waves (a form of radiant energy)

Answer 34

radiation

Question 35

List the order of wavelengths from longest to shortest.

Answer 35

- Radio waves - Microwaves - Infrared radiation - Visible light - UV radiation - Xrays - Gamma rays

Question 36

the rate of vibration of the wave

Answer 36

frequency

Question 37

infrared radiation is often called:

Answer 37

heat radiation

Question 38

The to and fro vibratory motion (oscillatory motion) of a swinging pendulum in a small arc.

Answer 38

Simple harmonic motion

Question 39

Pictorial representation of a wave.

Answer 39

Sine curve

Question 40

distance from the midpoint to the crest (or trough) of a wave

Answer 40

amplitude

Question 41

Distance from the top of one crest to the top of the next one

Answer 41

Wavelength

Question 42

How frequently a vibration occurs; number of to and for vibrations it makes in a given time

Answer 42

frequency

Question 43

unit of frequency

Answer 43

hertz

Question 44

time for one complete vibration

Answer 44

period

Question 45

wavelength / period

Answer 45

wave speed

Question 46

waves produced when the motion of the medium is transverse (or at a right angle) to the direction the wave travels)

Answer 46

transverse waves

Question 47

motion along the direction of the wave rather than at right angles to it

Answer 47

Longitudinal waves

Question 48

when more than one wave occupies the same space at the same time

Answer 48

interference

Question 49

when the crests of 2 or more waves overlap, and their individual effects add together to produce a wave of increased amplitude

Answer 49

contructive interference

Question 50

when the crest of one wave overlaps with the trough of another, their individual effects are reduced

Answer 50

destructive interference

Question 51

where parts of the object, called the nodes, are stationary

Answer 51

standing waves

Question 52

regions of minimal zero displacement, with minimal or zero energy

Answer 52

nodes

Question 53

regions of maximum displacement and maximum energy

Answer 53

antinodes

Question 54

our subjective impression about the frequency of sound

Answer 54

pitch

Question 55

non-periodic sound

Answer 55

pulse

Question 56

condensed region of medium through which a longitudinal wave travels

Answer 56

compression

Question 57

reduced pressure of the medium through which a longitudinal wave travels

Answer 57

Rarefaction

Question 58

It is not the medium that travels across the room but the energy-carrying ____.

Answer 58

pulse

Question 59

ability of a material that has changed shape in response to an applied force to resume its initial shape once the distorting force is removed

Answer 59

elasticity

Question 60

____ and ___ ___ are generally excellent conductors of sound

Answer 60

Liquids and crystalline solids

Question 61

speed of sound in air depends on (3):

Answer 61

wind conditions, temperature, and humidity

Question 62

reflection of sound

Answer 62

echo

Question 63

sound energy not carried by the reflected sound wave

Answer 63

transmitted wave

Question 64

multiple reflections

Answer 64

reverberations

Question 65

study of sound properties

Answer 65

acoustics

Question 66

when sound waves bend when parts of the wave fronts travel at different speeds

Answer 66

refraction

Question 67

sound travels _____ at higher altitudes and bends away from the ground.

Answer 67

slower

Question 68

setting up of vibrations in an object by a vibrating force

Answer 68

forced vibration

Question 69

frequency at which an elastic object naturally tends to vibrate if it is disturbed and the disturbing force is removed

Answer 69

natural frequency

Question 70

when the frequency of forced vibrations on an object matches the object's natural frequency and a dramatic increase in amplitude occurs

Answer 70

resonance

Question 71

Waves arrive in phase and interfere _____ when the path lengths from the speakers are the same.

Answer 71

constructively

Question 72

Waves arrive our of phase and interfere _____ when the path lengths differ by half a wavelength

Answer 72

destructively

Question 73

_______ occur when sound waves reflect off walls and interfere with non-reflected waves to produce zones of low amplitude

Answer 73

Dead spots

Question 74

periodic variation in the loudness of sound

Answer 74

beats

Question 75

______ are due to interference. The sound that reached our ears throbs between maximum and minimum loudness.

Answer 75

beats

Question 76

waves made from vibrating electric and magnetic fields that regenerate each other.

Answer 76

electromagnetic waves

Question 77

classification of electromagnetic waves according to frequency

Answer 77

electromagnetic spectrum

Question 78

glass and water allow light to pass through in straight lines. They are _____.

Answer 78

transparent

Question 79

light travels at different average speeds through different materials

Answer 79

transparent materials

Question 80

light is absorbed without remitting it

Answer 80

Opaque

Question 81

when an electron is raised to a higher energy level, the atom has been ____

Answer 81

excited

Question 82

excitation is temporary and returns to its lower energy state while emitting radiant energy

Answer 82

de-excitation

Question 83

pulse of electromagnetic radiation caused by electrons dropping from higher to lower energy levels in an excited atom

Answer 83

photon

Question 84

distribution of wavelengths in the light from a luminous source

Answer 84

Emission spectrum

Question 85

light that is produced as a result of high temperature

Answer 85

Incandescence

Question 86

property of certain substances to absorb radiation of one frequency and to re-emit radiation of lower frequency

Answer 86

Fluorescence

Question 87

a type of light emission that is the same as fluorescence except for a delay between excitation and de-excitation, which provides an afterglow

Answer 87

Phosphorescence

Question 88

Laser stands for:

Answer 88

Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

Question 89

devices that produce a beam of coherent light. Beam of photons of the same frequency, phase, and direction

Answer 89

lasers