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Physics > Finals Review > Flashcards

Finals Review Flashcards

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Physics 101 flashcards AP® Physics flashcards
1
Q

unit for force

A

newtons

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2
Q

unit for power

A

watts

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3
Q

unit for work

A

joules

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4
Q

unit for mass

A

kilograms/grams

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5
Q

units for temperature

A

Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kalvins

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6
Q

unit for charge

A

coulombs

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7
Q

unit for electrical resistance

A

ohms

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8
Q

force/area =

A

pressure

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9
Q

a ____ is equivalent to 1 vibration per second

A

hertz

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10
Q

a(n) _____ is equivalent to 1 coulomb of charge

A

ampere

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11
Q

the distance from the top of one crest to the top of the next crest

A

wavelength

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12
Q

the distance from the midpoint to the crest of the wave

A

amplitude

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13
Q

force x distance =

A

work

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14
Q

work done/time interval =

A

power

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15
Q

lever arm x force =

A

torque

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16
Q

the electrical force decreases inversely as the square of the distance between charged bodies.
Increase in distance will decrease the force.
Increase in charge will increase the force.

A

Coulomb’s Law

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17
Q

Electrical forces can be ___ or ____.

A

attractive or repulsive

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18
Q

the combination of 2 or more forces acting on a object.

ie. force + force + force = _____

A

net force

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19
Q

transferring electrons from on place to another

A

charging

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20
Q

when one material rubs against another to create a charge

A

friction

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21
Q

electrons transferred from one material (negative charge) to another (neutral) by touching to create a charge.

A

contact

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22
Q

redistribution of electric charges in and on objects caused by the electrical influence of a charged object close by, but not in contact to create a charge

A

induction

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23
Q

materials that acquire zero resistance to flow of charge

A

superconductors

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24
Q

material where electrons are not anchored to neclei of particular atoms, but is free to wander the material

A

conductors

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25
Q

material that can be made to behave sometimes as an insulator and sometimes as a conductor

A

semiconductors

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26
Q

material where the electrons are tightly bound and belong to particular atoms

A

insulator

27
Q

electrons in circuit are moved in one direction and then in the opposite direction, alternating to and fro about relatively fixed positions

A

alternating current AC

28
Q

flowing of charges in one direction

A

direct current DC

29
Q

current in a circuit is directly proportional to the voltage established across the circuit and is inversely proportional to the resistance of the circuit.

Current = voltage/distance

A

Ohm’s Law

30
Q

The greater the voltage, the greater the _____.

A

current

31
Q

The greater the resistance, the small the ____.

A

current

32
Q

The space around every electrically charged body. Direction of the field is defined to be the direction in which a small positive test charge at rest would be pushed. Is also the storehouse of energy and can be shielded by various materials.

A

Electrical field

33
Q

____ has a defined volume, but not a defined shape.

A

liquid

34
Q

quantity that requires both magnitude and direction

A

vector quantity

35
Q

quantity that can be described by magnitude only

A

scalar quantity

36
Q

pressure exerted by a fluid at equilibrium at a given point within the fluid due to the force of gravity. Pressure increases when depth increase

A

hydrostatic pressure

37
Q

force divided by area over which the force is exerted

A

pressure

38
Q

loss of weight experienced by objects submerged in a liquid

A

buoyancy

39
Q

the property of fluid to resist motion

A

viscosity

40
Q

the rise of liquid in a fine, hollow tube or in a narrow space

A

capillarity

41
Q

poking a hole in a full 2 liter of water is an example of:

A

hydrostatic pressure

42
Q

pumping up a bike tire is an example of:

A

pressure

43
Q

a floating rubber ducky is an example of:

A

buoyancy

44
Q

milkshakes melting and becoming easier to drink is an example of:

A

decreasing viscosity

45
Q

accidentally dipping your sleeve in water, resulting in the water rising up the sleeve to an extent is an example of:

A

capillarity

46
Q

when an object is submerged, the water exerts an upward force on the object that is exactly opposite to the direction of gravity’s pull

A

buoyant force

47
Q

Law where heat always flows hot to cold

A

2nd law of thermodynamics

48
Q

mass x velocity =

A

Momentum

49
Q

every body attracts every other body with a force that, for any 2 bodies, is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.

Force = mass1 x mass2 / distance squared

A

Law of universal gravitation

50
Q

the property of an object to resist changes in its rotational state of motion. An object rotating about an axis tends to remain rotating about the same axis unless interfered with by some external force

A

rotational inertia

51
Q

when an electron is raised to a higher energy level

A

excitation

52
Q

when an excited electron returns to its lower energy state while emitting radiant energy

A

de-excitation

53
Q

when 2 waves overlap and their individual effects add together to produce a wave of increased amplitude

A

constructive interference

54
Q

when the crest of one wave overlaps with the trough of another, their individual effects are reduced

A

destructive interference

55
Q

change in velocity / time interval =

A

acceleration

56
Q

net force/mass =

A

acceleration (Newton’s 2nd Law)

57
Q

To every action there is always an opposed equal reaction. Neither force exists without the other

A

Newton’s 3rd Law

58
Q

Every object continues in its state of rest, or of uniform motion in a straight line unless it is compelled to change the state by force impressed on it.

A

Newton’s 1st law

Law of inertia

59
Q

____ waves require a medium to travel through

A

sound

60
Q

energy stored and held in readiness

A

potential energy

61
Q

heat transfer through objects touching. Objects with loose outer electrons conduct heat well.

A

conduction

62
Q

heat transfer due to actual motion of the fluid/gas. As fluid is heated from below, the molecules at the bottom begin moving faster, spreading apart more, becoming less dense, and are buoyed upward

A

convection

63
Q

heat transfer emitted through electromagnetic waves. Often in the form of infrared waves

A

radiation

Physics (4 decks)

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