Finals Review Flashcards
unit for force
newtons
unit for power
watts
unit for work
joules
unit for mass
kilograms/grams
units for temperature
Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kalvins
unit for charge
coulombs
unit for electrical resistance
ohms
force/area =
pressure
a ____ is equivalent to 1 vibration per second
hertz
a(n) _____ is equivalent to 1 coulomb of charge
ampere
the distance from the top of one crest to the top of the next crest
wavelength
the distance from the midpoint to the crest of the wave
amplitude
force x distance =
work
work done/time interval =
power
lever arm x force =
torque
the electrical force decreases inversely as the square of the distance between charged bodies.
Increase in distance will decrease the force.
Increase in charge will increase the force.
Coulomb’s Law
Electrical forces can be ___ or ____.
attractive or repulsive
the combination of 2 or more forces acting on a object.
ie. force + force + force = _____
net force
transferring electrons from on place to another
charging
when one material rubs against another to create a charge
friction
electrons transferred from one material (negative charge) to another (neutral) by touching to create a charge.
contact
redistribution of electric charges in and on objects caused by the electrical influence of a charged object close by, but not in contact to create a charge
induction
materials that acquire zero resistance to flow of charge
superconductors
material where electrons are not anchored to neclei of particular atoms, but is free to wander the material
conductors
material that can be made to behave sometimes as an insulator and sometimes as a conductor
semiconductors
material where the electrons are tightly bound and belong to particular atoms
insulator
electrons in circuit are moved in one direction and then in the opposite direction, alternating to and fro about relatively fixed positions
alternating current AC
flowing of charges in one direction
direct current DC
current in a circuit is directly proportional to the voltage established across the circuit and is inversely proportional to the resistance of the circuit.
Current = voltage/distance
Ohm’s Law
The greater the voltage, the greater the _____.
current
The greater the resistance, the small the ____.
current
The space around every electrically charged body. Direction of the field is defined to be the direction in which a small positive test charge at rest would be pushed. Is also the storehouse of energy and can be shielded by various materials.
Electrical field
____ has a defined volume, but not a defined shape.
liquid
quantity that requires both magnitude and direction
vector quantity
quantity that can be described by magnitude only
scalar quantity
pressure exerted by a fluid at equilibrium at a given point within the fluid due to the force of gravity. Pressure increases when depth increase
hydrostatic pressure
force divided by area over which the force is exerted
pressure
loss of weight experienced by objects submerged in a liquid
buoyancy
the property of fluid to resist motion
viscosity
the rise of liquid in a fine, hollow tube or in a narrow space
capillarity
poking a hole in a full 2 liter of water is an example of:
hydrostatic pressure
pumping up a bike tire is an example of:
pressure
a floating rubber ducky is an example of:
buoyancy
milkshakes melting and becoming easier to drink is an example of:
decreasing viscosity
accidentally dipping your sleeve in water, resulting in the water rising up the sleeve to an extent is an example of:
capillarity
when an object is submerged, the water exerts an upward force on the object that is exactly opposite to the direction of gravity’s pull
buoyant force
Law where heat always flows hot to cold
2nd law of thermodynamics
mass x velocity =
Momentum
every body attracts every other body with a force that, for any 2 bodies, is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.
Force = mass1 x mass2 / distance squared
Law of universal gravitation
the property of an object to resist changes in its rotational state of motion. An object rotating about an axis tends to remain rotating about the same axis unless interfered with by some external force
rotational inertia
when an electron is raised to a higher energy level
excitation
when an excited electron returns to its lower energy state while emitting radiant energy
de-excitation
when 2 waves overlap and their individual effects add together to produce a wave of increased amplitude
constructive interference
when the crest of one wave overlaps with the trough of another, their individual effects are reduced
destructive interference
change in velocity / time interval =
acceleration
net force/mass =
acceleration (Newton’s 2nd Law)
To every action there is always an opposed equal reaction. Neither force exists without the other
Newton’s 3rd Law
Every object continues in its state of rest, or of uniform motion in a straight line unless it is compelled to change the state by force impressed on it.
Newton’s 1st law
Law of inertia
____ waves require a medium to travel through
sound
energy stored and held in readiness
potential energy
heat transfer through objects touching. Objects with loose outer electrons conduct heat well.
conduction
heat transfer due to actual motion of the fluid/gas. As fluid is heated from below, the molecules at the bottom begin moving faster, spreading apart more, becoming less dense, and are buoyed upward
convection
heat transfer emitted through electromagnetic waves. Often in the form of infrared waves
radiation
