Liquid, solids, and phase changes

Question 1

Viscosity

Answer 1

friction or resistance to motion that exists between the molecules of a liquid when they move past each other due to the strength of the intermolecular forces btn the molecules (due to hydrogen bonding water has high viscosity)
-: More viscous liquids move more slowly

Question 2

Surface Tension and examples

Answer 2

Molecules at the surface of a liquid experience attractive forces downward, toward the inside of the liquid, and sideways. On the other hand, molecules in the center of the liquid experience uniformly distributed attractive forces.

• The uneven forces make the surface behave as if it had a tight film stretched across it
  ex: floating of a needle or a razor on water.

Question 3

Capillary Action and it’s application

Answer 3

the attraction of the surface of a liquid to the surface of a solid
When a water soluble ink is placed on the paper, the ink moves up the paper and separates into its various colored components. This separation occurs because the water and the paper attract the molecules of the ink components differently.
- paper chromatography, capillary action in trees, and minscus of liquid when in test tube or cylinder.

Question 4

BOILING POINT definition

Answer 4

• Boiling point is defined as the temperature at which the liquid’s vapor pressure equals the atmospheric pressure.

Question 5

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE

Answer 5

critical temperature: The temperature above which the liquid phase of a substance cannot exist
critical pressure: The minimum pressure required to
liquefy a gas at its critical temperature

Question 6

three categories of SOLIDS

Answer 6

• Crystalline solids (regular repeating pattern)
• Amorphous solids (solids w/o form)
• -Polycrystalline (regular large number of crystalls or grains but arranged randomly)

Question 7

Composition of heavy water.

Answer 7

A small portion of water is called “heavy” water because it contains an isotope of hydrogen, deuterium (symbol D), rather than ordinary hydrogen nuclei.

Question 8

value of the water’s molar (of one mole) heat of vaporization and fusion

Answer 8

vap: 40.79 kj/mol
fusi: 6.01 kj/mol

Question 9

what are Anhydrides

Answer 9

are certain oxides that react with water to form two classes of compounds—acids and bases.
ex: acidic or basic oxides.

Question 10

Does saturated mean concetraded

Answer 10

No, it is possible to have a saturated dilute solution when the solute is only slightly soluble and a small amount of it makes the solution saturated, but the concentration of the solution is still dilute.